Book Notes

Christoph Friedrich and Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahncke, eds. Apotheker und Universität. Die Vorträge der Pharmaziehistorischen Biennale in Leipzig vom 12. bis 14. Mai 2000 und der Gedenkveranstaltung "Wiegleb 2000" zum 200. Todestag von Johann Christian Wiegleb (1732–1800), 15 und 16 März 2000 in Bad Langensalza. Veröffentlichungen zur Pharmaziegeschichte, no. 2. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, 2002. 310 pp. Ill. €26.00, Sw. Fr. 41.60 (paperbound, 3-8047-1968-6).

This two-part volume in the series Veröffentlichungen zur Pharmaziegeschichte presents an overview of the evolution of pharmaceutical education and a series of articles on Johann Christian Wiegleb (1732–1800). The editors come from both sides of a newly reunited community of historians of pharmacy: Wolf-Dieter Müller-Jahnke was a student of the legendary Rudolf Schmitz at Marburg, and is himself a major historian of pharmacy in the early modern period; Christoph Friedrich now heads the Marburg Institute for the History of Pharmacy but moved there from Greifswald, a venerable medieval university on the Baltic coast. They availed themselves of the coincidence of a biennial meeting on pharmaceutical history and a conference in memory of the bicentennial of Wiegleb's death to compile this volume. The first part provides a comparative perspective on the history of academic pharmaceutical education in Germany, Switzerland, and Poland during several crucial periods, including its beginning in the nineteenth century (Berthold Beyerlein, François Ledermann, Wladyslaw Szepanski) and aspects of its history under the National Socialist regime and more recently, in the People's Republic. The essays in the second part discuss the development of chemistry in the service of pharmacy in its transitional period between support for Stahl's Phlogiston and full acceptance of Lavoisier's new paradigm.

Of particular note is the contribution by Fritz Krafft, the former head of the Marburg Institute, who provides a major retrospective on Johann Christian Wiegleb. He and the other contributors to this section offer an overview of the large group of studious pharmacists from the ranks of self-educated practitioners and experimenters who established a modern pharmaceutical discourse in numerous publications, including Trommsdorff's Journal der Pharmacie (1793; after 1817, Neues Journal der Pharmacie). They passed their knowledge and experience to a younger generation in journals and at private pharmaceutical colleges founded before the introduction of pharmacy as an academic discipline at various universities in the 1830s. Readers interested in these topics will find both extensive bibliographic notes and a good survey of specific academic periods and political environments.

Renate Wilson

Johns Hopkins University

Anne Hardy and Lawrence Conrad, eds. Women and Modern Medicine. Clio Medica, no. 61. Wellcome Series in the History of Medicine. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 2001. v + 293 pp. Ill. $92.00, €68.00 (cloth, 90-420-0871-7); $36.00, €27.00 (paperbound, 90-420-0861-X).

In this collection, which comprises papers presented at a Wellcome Institute symposium in 1994, women are treated as both "the objects and agents of medical practice and intervention" (p. 1). Offering a multidisciplinary approach, the book is intended to appeal to a broad audience. It contains a preface by the editors, an introduction by Anne Marie Rafferty, and the following essays: "Women and Macho Medicine," by Ann Dally; "'Colonising Women': Female Medical Practice in Colonial India, 1880–1890," by Anne Witz; "From Bedpan to Revolution: Qui Jin and Western Nursing," by Bridie Andrews; "'Run by Women, (mainly) for Women': Medical Women's Hospitals in Britain, 1866–1948," by Mary Ann Elston; "Women Doctors and Gender Identity in Weimar Germany," by Cornelie Usborne; "A Suitable Job for a Woman: Women Doctors and Birth Control to the Inception of the NHS," by Lesley A. Hall; "Listening to the Ga: Cicely Williams' Discovery of Kwashiorkor on the Gold Coast," by Jennifer Stanton; "Smooth, Speedy, Painless, and Still Midwife Delivered? The Dutch Midwife and Childbirth Technology in the Early Twentieth Century," by Hilary Marland; "Ergot to Ergometrine: An Obstetric Renaissance...