In this Issue

Table of Contents

Should Children Decide Whether They Are Enrolled in Nonbeneficial Research?

David Wendler, Seema Shah
pp. 1-7
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We Need Substantive Criteria for Decisions by Children

Joel E. Frader
pp. 8-9
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Rethink "Affirmative Agreement," but Abandon "Assent"

Steven Joffe
pp. 9-11
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We Should Reject Passive Resignation in Favor of Requiring the Assent of Younger Children for Participation in Nonbeneficial Research

Robert M. Nelson, William W. Reynolds
pp. 11-13
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Knowing Who You Want to Be When You Grow Up: Implications for Pediatric Assent

Richard R. Sharp, Rosemary B. Quigley
pp. 14-15
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Children's Consent to Research Participation: Social Context and Personal Experience Invalidate Fixed Cutoff Rules

Richard E. Ashcroft, Trudy Goodenough, Emma Williamson, Julie Kent
pp. 16-18
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Assent and Dissent in 407 Research with Children

Timothy F. Murphy
pp. 18-19
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The Limits of Altruism and Arbitrary Age Limits

Francoise Baylis, Jocelyn Grant Downie
pp. 19-21
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Altruism, Children, and Nonbeneficial Research

Ellen M. McGee
pp. 21-23
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What's Altruism Got to Do with It?

Walter M. Robinson
pp. 23-24
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Taking Children Seriously: What's so Important about Assent?

Douglas S. Diekema
pp. 25-26
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A Goodness-of-Fit Ethic for Child Assent to Nonbeneficial Research

Celia B. Fisher
pp. 27-28
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Context in Shaping the Ability of a Child to Assent to Research

Conrad V. Fernandez
pp. 29-30
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Preventing Exploitation in Pediatric Research

Jeffrey R. Botkin
pp. 31-32
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Children under Age 14 Deserve More

Holly Taylor
pp. 33-34
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Why Shouldn't Children Decide Whether They Are Enrolled in Nonbeneficial Medical Research?

Ritva Halila, Salla Lotjonen
pp. 35-36
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Child Assent Revisited

Rosalind Ekman Ladd
pp. 37-38
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Why a Teenager over Age 14 Should Be Able to Consent, Rather than Merely Assent, to Participation as a Human Subject of Research

Kathryn Toner, Robert L. Schwartz
pp. 38-40
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Sham Surgery: An Ethical Analysis

Franklin G. Miller
pp. 41-48
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Surgical Research, an Elusive Entity

Angelique M. Reitsma, Jonathan D. Moreno
pp. 49-50
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Does Placebo Surgery-Controlled Research Call for New Provisions to Protect Human Research Participants?

Dorothy E. Vawter, Karen Grandstrand Gervais, Thomas B. Freeman
pp. 50-53
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If the Goal is Relief, What's Wrong with a Placebo?

Gregory Stock
pp. 53-54
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Sham Neurosurgery in Parkinson's Disease: Ethical at the Time

John C. Fletcher
pp. 54-56
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The Physician's Role, "Sham Surgery," and Trust: A Conflict of Duties?

Chalmers C. Clark
pp. 57-58
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An Innovative Paradigm for Clinical Research

Rosamond Rhodes
pp. 59-61
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Sham Surgery and Genuine Standards of Care: Can the Two be Reconciled?

Alex John London, Joseph B. Kadane
pp. 61-64
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Sham Surgery in Research: A Surgeon's View

Peter Angelos
pp. 65-66
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Sham Surgery: To Cut or Not to Cut--That Is the Ethical Dilemma

Peter A. Clark
pp. 66-68
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The Sham Surgery Debate and the Moral Complexity of Risk-Benefit Analysis

Scott Y. H. Kim
pp. 68-70
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Social Aspects of Sham Surgeries

Hilary S. Leeds
pp. 70-71
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Contributors

pp. iv-vi
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Editorial: Not Just How, but Whether: Revisiting Hans Jonas

Paul Root Wolpe
pp. vii-viii
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