Pan-Africanism or Pragmatism: Lessons of the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union

Appendix 3: Articles of Union

261 Appendix 3 THE ARTICLES OF UNION between THE REPUBLIC OF TANGANYIKA AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF ZANZIBAR. WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar, being mindful of the long association of the peoples of these lands and of their ties of kinship and amity, and being desirous of furthering that association and strengthening of these ties and of furthering the unity of African peoples, have met and considered the union of the Republic of Tanganyika with the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar: AND WHEREAS the Governments of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar are desirous that the two Republics shall be united in one Sovereign Republic in accordance with the Articles hereinafter contained:It is therefore AGREED between the Government of the Republic of Tanganyika and of the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar as follows:- (i) The Republic of Tanganyika and the Peoples’ Republic of Zanzibar shall be united in one Sovereign Republic. (ii) During the period from the commencement of the union until the Constituent Assembly provided for in Article (vii) shall have met and adopted a Constitution for the united Republic (hereinafter referred to as the interim period), the united Republic shall be governed in accordance with the provisions of Articles (iii) to (vi). Articles of Union (iii) During the interim period the Constitution of the united Republic shall be the Constitution of Tanganyika so modified as to provide for- (a) a separate legislature and executive in and for Zanzibar from time to time constituted in accordance with the existing laws of Zanzibar and having exclusive authority within Zanzibar for matters other than those reserved to the Parliament and Executive of the united Republic; (b) the offices of two Vice-Presidents one of whom (being a person normally resident in Zanzibar) shall be the Head of the aforesaid executive in and for Zanzibar and shall be the principal assistant of the President of the United Republic in the discharge of his executive functions in relation to Zanzibar; (c) the representation of Zanzibar in the Parliament of the United Republic; (d) such other matters as may be expedient or desirable to give effect to the united Republic and to these Articles. (iv) There shall be reserved to the Parliament and Executive of the united Republic the following matters- (a) The Constitution and Government of the united Republic. (b) External Affairs. (c) Defence. (d) Police. (e) Emergency Powers. (f) Citizenship. (g) Immigration. (h) External Trade and Borrowing. (i) The Public Service of the united Republic. (j) Income Tax, Corporation Tax, Customs and Excise. (k) Harbours, Civil Aviation, Posts and Telegraphs. And the said Parliament and Executive shall have exclusive authority in such matters throughout and for the purposes of the 262 Appendix united Republic and in addition exclusive authority in respect of all other matters in and for Tanganyika. (v) The existing laws of Tanganyika and of Zanzibar shall remain in force in their respective territories subject:- (a) to any provision made hereafter by a competent legislature; (b) to such provision as may be made by order of the President of the united Republic for the extension to Zanzibar of any law relating to any of the matters set out in Article (iv), and the revocation of any corresponding law of Zanzibar; (c) to such amendments as may be expedient or desirable to give effect to the union and to these Articles. (vi) (a) The first President of the united Republic shall be Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere and he shall carry on the Government of the united Republic in accordance with the provisions of these Articles and with the assistance of the Vice-Presidents aforesaid and of such other ministers and officers as he may appoint from Tanganyika and Zanzibar and their respective public services. (b) The first Vice-President from Zanzibar to be appointed in accordance with the modifications provided for in Article 3 shall be Sheikh Abeid Karume. (vii) The President of the united Republic in agreement with the Vice-President who is head of the Executive in Zanzibar shall:- (a) Appoint a Commission to make proposals for a Constitution for the united Republic. (b) Summon a Constituent Assembly composed of Representatives from Tanganyika and from Zanzibar in such numbers as they may determine to meet within one year of the commencement of the union for the purpose of considering the proposals of...