Gaming, Governance and Public Policy in Macao

Preface

vi Contents 6. Civil Service Reform: Building Basic Administrative Capacity Brian Brewer 7. Improving Productivity through Ef¿ciency Wages: The Case of the Civil Service Jeannette Taylor Part III Public Policy 8. Labour Policy: Resolving the Mismatch between Demand and Supply Grace O. M. Lee 9. Labour Regulation in the Liberalised Casino Economy: The Case of the Croupiers Alex H. Choi and Eva P. W. Hung 10. Education Governance and Reform: Bringing the State Back In Joan Y. H. Leung 11. Housing Policy: A Neoliberal Agenda? James Lee 12. Social Welfare Policy: A ‘Flexible’ Strategy? Chan Kam Wah and James Lee Part IV Conclusions 13. Gaming, Governance and Public Policy: Constraints and Opportunities Ian Scott and Newman M. K. Lam Appendix: Timeline Macao 1999–2010 Notes and References Selected Bibliography Index 89 107 129 145 163 183 197 217 225 243 269 283 Figures 1.1 Economic Growth and Social Stability: Four Different Scenarios 1.2 Regime Characteristics in Four Scenarios 1.3 The Decline in Employment in Manufacturing, 1990–2008 1.4 Homicides, 1997–2008 1.5 Rate of Growth of Gross Domestic Product in Real Terms, 1991– 2001 1.6 Growth in Foreign Investment, 2001–2008 1.7 Rate of Growth of Gross Domestic Product in Real Terms, 2001– 2008 2.1 Percentage of Gaming Revenues to Government Income, 1998– 2008 6.1 Organization Chart of the Macao Government 7.1 Ef¿ciency Wage Ratio and Elasticity of Effort of the Macao Civil Service, 1998–2009 7.2 Ef¿ciency Wage Ratio and Elasticity of Effort of the Macao Workforce by Industry 7.3 Annual Percentage Change in Public Sector Wages and Private Sector Wages and InÀation in Macao, 1998–2009 11.1 House Price to Income Ratio, 2002–2006 Plates 2.1 The Flagship Casinos of the Macao Casino Industry 2.2 Height Restrictions near Guia Hill 2.3 The Oceanus Casino List of Figures, Plates and Tables 3 4 7 8 9 11 11 25 92 118 119 122 194 after p. 28 after p. 28 after p. 28 viii List of Figures, Plates and Tables Tables 2.1 Number of Casinos and Tables, 2002–2009 2.2 Growth Pattern of Revenue from Different Gaming Activities, 2002–2008 (in millions MOP) 2.3 Changes in the Unemployment Rate, theTotal Employed Population and the Employed Population in the Gaming Sector, 2002–2009 2.4 Comparison of Employment in the Gaming Industry with Other Major Employment Sectors, 2004–2008 2.5 Visitor Arrivals by Top Three Places of Origin, 2002–2009 3.1 Association between Gender and Opinion of Gaming Liberalisation 3.2 Association between Gender and Job Type 3.3 Association between Gender and Residency 3.4 Association between Gender and Knowledge of Gaming Liberalisation 3.5 Association between Family Income and Opinion of Gaming Liberalisation 3.6 Association between Education and Opinion of Gaming Liberalisation 3.7 Association between Age and Opinion of Gaming Liberalisation 3.8 Perceived Conditions after Gaming Liberalisation 3.9 Association between Perceived Conditions and Key Variables 3.10 Views on the Gaming Industry 3.11 Association between Views on Gaming Industry and Key Variables 3.12 Views on the Effects of the Booming Gaming Industry 3.13 Association between Views on the Gaming Boom and Key Variables 3.14 Views on Foreign Investment 3.15 Association between Views on Foreign Investment and Key Variables 3.16 Responsibility for Social Problems 3.17 Responsibility for High Property Prices 3.18 Policy Preference for Foreign Gaming Investment 4.1 Composition of the Legislative Assembly 4.2 Number of Laws and Decree Laws, 2000–2009 4.3 The Budget of the Macao Government, 2000–2009 (in billions MOP) 4.4 Number of Written Enquiries Submitted by Legislators 5.1 Number of Registered Associations 5.2 Results of Legislative Assembly Elections, 2001, 2005 and 2009 25 26 26 27 27 41 41 42 42 43 44 45 45 46 47 48 49 49 50 51 52 52 53 59 60 64 66 77 82 ix List of Figures, Plates and Tables 5.3 Appointments of Legislative Assembly Members to Chinese Consultative Committees, 2005, 2009 5.4 Subsidies Granted by the Macao Foundation 6.1 Macao Civil Servants Born in Portugal 6.2 The Macao Civil Service: Secretariats and Bureaus 6.3 Macao Civil Service Establishment by Department, 2008 6.4 Macao Civil Service, 1980–2008 6.5 Control of Corruption: Hong Kong...