Early China Coast Meteorology: The Role of Hong Kong

List of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1: MacGowan’s 1853 booklet at Ningbo. Courtesy of the National Library of Australia. 6 Fig. 2: The typhoon cemetery at Kai Lung Wan around 1900, and the memorial stone as now situated at Wo Hop Sek cemetery. By kind permission of Mr. Ko Tim Keung. 34 Fig. 3: A portrait of the young Doberck painted by his father. By kind permission of Mr. Michael Doberck. 58 Fig. 4: Doberck with the Great Refractor at Markree. 60 Fig. 5: The original Observatory building. Courtesy of the Information Services Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government. 86 Fig. 6: Telegraphic connections to Hong Kong around 1884. After Ahvenainen (1981). Courtesy of Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki. 90 Fig. 7: Meteorological stations reporting to Hong Kong Observatory in 1885; B=Breaker Point; C=Chapel Island; F=Fisher Island; G=Gutzlaff; L=Lamocks; M=Middle Dog; N=North Saddle; O=Okseu; Sh=Shaweishan; St=Steep Island; T=Turnabout. After Doberck, Hong Kong Government Gazette, 15 May 1886. 91 Fig. 8: John Isaac Plummer in later life. By kind permission of Richard Bellamy-Brown. 128 MacKeown_00_fm_rev.indd 7 02/12/2010 11:55 AM viii List of Figures Fig. 9: Typhoon tracks as presented by MacGowan in 1853. 139 Fig. 10: An early typhoon track off Japan as presented by M. v. B. in 1874. 141 Fig. 11: Dechevrens’s trajectory for the storm of 31 July 1879. 143 Fig. 12: Dechevrens’s and Knipping’s (dashed) tracks for a typhoon in August 1880. 143 Fig. 13: A studio portrait of Dr. Doberck in Dayton, Ohio, around 1897. Courtesy of the Librarian, Lick Observatory. 171 Fig. 14: Hong Kong signals code in 1904. 186 Fig. 15: Marryat’s signals code. 187 Fig. 16: Zikawei China Coast Code in 1906. 188 Fig. 17: China Coast code signals displayed on Blackhead’s Hill sometime after January 1908, when the time-ball tower was constructed. Courtesy of the Information Services Department of the Hong Kong SAR Government. 189 Fig. 18: Zikawei weather charts for September 1906. 193 Fig. 19: Plummer’s pamphlet on typhoons. 200 Fig. 20: Frederic George Figg. Courtesy of the Hong Kong Observatory of the HKSAR. 208 Fig. 21: Telegraph lines and cables linking Far East ports around 1912. After Ahvenainen (1981), courtesy of Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, Helsinki. 213 Fig. 22: A photograph of Doberck in later life. Courtesy of the Hong Kong Observatory of the HKSAR. 226 MacKeown_00_fm_rev.indd 8 02/12/2010 11:55 AM ...