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List of Figures and Plates Figure 1.1 The major influences on the creation of jingju 21 Figure 1.2 Tones in Mandarin Chinese 28 Figure 1.3 Pitch diagrams: Mandarin and heightened speech (yunbai) 29 Figure 2.1 Yin and yang 63 Figure 3.1 The first two lines of the aria in the weaving scene in 109–111 Tears in the Barren Mountain Figure 5.1 Prelude in The Azalea Mountain 177 Figure 5.2 Introduction to Viper and his military men 178 Figure 5.3 The first line of Lei Gang’s aria 185 Following page 120 Plate 2.1a-b Qiao: the wooden board, bindings and shoe. Plate 2.2a-b How an actor stands on the qiao. Plate 3.1 Cheng Yanqiu working on the farm during his wartime retirement from the stage. Plate 3.2 Cheng Yanqiu in Tears in the Barren Mountain. Plate 4.1 Cheng Yanqiu in The Embroidered Reticule. Plate 4.2 Li Yuru in The Drunken Imperial Concubine. Plate 4.3 Li Yuru in Tang Sai’er. Plate 5.1 Ma Yongan in At the Mouth of the Jiujiang River. Plate 5.2 Li Yuru in Chunmei Goes to a Birthday Party. Plate 5.3 Ma Yongan in The Azalea Mountain. Plate 5.4 Ma Yongan in Aosailuo (jingju adaptation of Othello). Plate 6.1 Yan Qinggu in Sora-ude (A Lying Braggart, kyōgen performance) Plate 6.2 Yan Qinggu in Stealing the Silver Jug. Plate 6.3 Yan Qinggu in Death of a Minor Official (jingju adaptation of Chekhov’s short story). x Plate 7.1 Kuo Hsiao-chuang in Passions of Returning to the Yue Kingdom. Plate 7.2 Kuo Hsiao-chuang in Wang Kui Lets Down Guiying. Plate 7.3 Poster advertising Kuo Hsiao-chuang in Red Maiden. Plate 8.1 Wu Hsing-kuo and his master Zhou Zhengrong. Plate 8.2 Wu Hsing-kuo in Li Er Is Here (adaptation of King Lear). Plate 8.3 Wu Hsing-kuo and Sheng Jian in the adaptation of Waiting for Godot. List of Figures and Plates ...

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