Cold War Broadcasting: Impact on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe

Index

569 A active resistance, 336 active users of media, 107 adzhubei, a., 291n36 afghanistan war (1979–1989), 38, 88–93, 346 age of Western broadcast audience, 80–81, 109–10, 111, 135–36 agitation and Propaganda department (Hungary), 249, 250, 252 agitation and Propaganda department (ussr), 309 agitprop meetings, 90, 90n24, 93 aksyonov, Vasily, 23, 25, 26 albania, rfe broadcasts to, 12 albert, John, 31 alexeyeva, ludmilla, 23, 48 aliev, geidar, 278 allen, george V., 31, 32 “allied nationals,” 9 amalrik, andrei, 23 anachkov, georgi, 271n51 anderson, Burnett, 34 andropov, Yuri, 269, 270, 557–59 anti-jamming devices, 55–57, 326, 336, 338 anti-semitism, 23–24, 279, 279n6 antonescu, ion, 220 apollo lunar landing, 27, 35–36 aPor (department of audience and Public opinion research). See now east european audience and opinion research (eeaor) arab terrorists, 221 artemov, V. l., 104 astra, gunars, 332 attali, Jacques, 243 Attention! Anti-Communism OnAir (Jerans), 329 attitudinal type of broadcast audiences, 82–84, 82n18 audience to Western broadcasts: annual reach data, 76–79; by attitudinal type, 82–84; demographics of, 79–82, 109–14, 134–36; foreign radio impact on, 116; internet impact on, 116; motivations for listening, 85–86; and programming choices, 86–88; soviet research methodology, 105–09; weekly reach measurements, 72–73, 115, 142–44; Western research methods, 10, 70–72, 334–35. See also specific countries August 1914 (solzhenitsyn), 42 B Baev, Jordan, 259 Balagush, taraslav, 28 balloon operations, 14–15, 14n12, 149, 349 index notes are inDiCateD by n folloWing the page number. i4 J&P.indb 569 2010.07.05. 7:55 570 Baltic states: audience reach in, 75, 76; listening patterns in, 114; Western broadcast audience in, 288, 307 banned literary works, 22, 103 Barev, tzenko, 268n42 Barlett, f. K., 104, 106 Bashev, ivan, 266 Bashkirova, elena i., 103 Batchan, alex, 39, 47 Bauer, ray, 19 Bay of Pigs, 33–34 BBC. See British Broadcasting service behaviorist model, 106 Belinkov, arkady, 23 Belorussia, Western broadcast audience in, 75, 76, 288 Benton, William, 29, 298 Berecz, János, 346 Berelson, B., 104 Beria, lavrenty, 278, 281, 284, 293, 293n43 Berkman, Paul l., 241 Berman, Jakub, 172, 251 Bernard, noel, 206, 210, 213, 216–17, 223n19 Berzins, andris, 339 BiB. See Board for international Broadcasting Bierut, Bolesław, 172 Birkavs, Valdis, 339 Bitterman, mary g. f., 38 “Black Book” program, 251 Bnf (Bulgarian national front), 268n42 Board for international Broadcasting (BiB), 23, 194– 95, 230, 267, 349–50 Bobkov, fillip, 263, 450–52 Bod (Bulgarian liberation organization), 268n42 bombing of rfe headquarters, 222, 462–66 Bone, n., 104 Bonner, elena, 24 border issues, 300, 313 Botswana, transmission stations in, 33 Boyarinov, V. i., 294–95 Brezhnev, leonid, 313 Brikse, inta, 339 British Broadcasting service (BBC): audience demographics, 84, 134, 135; audience reach of, 70, 71, 72–73; in Bulgaria, 259, 262, 272; on Chernobyl disaster, 97; funding of, 349; in Hungary, 246; jamming of, 53, 309; in Poland, 131, 132, 170; religious programming, 312; in romania, 206, 207, 208; transmitters, 57; in ukraine, 304; in ussr, 103 broadcast policy: and Cia, 7n2; coordination of, 26; at radio liberty, 24; at rfe, 3–16 Brown, a. C., 104 Brown, J. f., 231 Bruvers, Pavils, 320, 331, 332, 337 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 265, 271, 329 Bta (Bulgarian telegraph agency), 261 Bulganin, nikolai, 278, 284, 285n21 Bulgaria: audience research in, 122, 142–44; jamming by, 27; regime perceptions of Western broadcasts, 357–65; regime responses to rfe in, 259–74, 447–55, 467–75 Bulgarian liberation organization (Bod), 268n42 Bulgarian national front (Bnf), 268n42 Bulgarian telegraph agency (Bta), 261 Bureau of applied social research at Columbia university, 241 Bush, george H. W., 47 C Cage, John, 244 Campaign of truth, 30–31 i4 J&P.indb 570 2010.07.05. 7:55 571 Camus, albert, 20 Caribbean, transmission stations in, 33 Carlos the Jackal, 215, 215–16n12, 221–25, 462–66 Carter, Jimmy, 213 Castro, fidel, 32 Catholic Church: in lithuania, 22; and rfe in Poland, 160, 166; in slovakia, 314, 315 Ceauşescu, nicolae: and jamming of rfe, 209; and rfe, 212–13, 226; and romanian-sponsored terrorism, 214 censorship: of mail, 210; in Poland, 151, 177–78; and rfe in Poland, 154; in romania, 229–38 Center for democracy, 47 Center for Public opinion research in Warsaw (oBoP, Poland), 121–22, 124–28, 134– 36, 155, 183 Center for the study of Propaganda (Poland), 155 Central asia, audience reach in, 75...