Reorienting the Manchus: A Study of Sinicization, 1583–1795

Index

363 A Abatai, 143, 245, 249 Acculturation, 4 Adai, 68 Administrative centers, Qing, 264–265, 265, 266 Administrative structure, Qing, 173–174 banner system, 79–80, 140–141, 153, 175 Censorate, 80, 184–185, 186 Chinese model for, 83, 111, 176–177, 178–179, 181–182, 183, 298–299 Chinese officials in, 6, 42, 138, 143, 145, 152, 153, 155, 156, 177, 180–181, 184, 185 under Hong Taiji, 80, 242, 298–299 Korean officials in, 157–158 legal system, 135, 174, 183, 186–194 Literary Office, 18, 80, 143, 150, 156, 178, 179–182, 190 and Manchu language use, 233 Mongol influence on, 176 under Nurhaci, 79–80, 175–176, 183 Six Boards, 80, 183–184 Six Offices of Scrutiny, 185–186 Agricultural tools, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108 Agriculture, Jurchen, 77, 100–104, 133, 140, 158, 296–297 Aguda, 37 Agui, 253 Ajige, 80, 85, 208 Amin, 79, 83, 208, 242, 243, 305–306 Amplified Instructions on the Sacred Edict, 215–216, 281, 302 Amur River, 31, 33, 42–43, 98, 128 Anfiyanggu, 69 Anjuhu, 218 Anlezhou, 50, 129, 133 Aqaca, 40 Architecture Chinese, 19, 265–267 Jurchen, 264 Manchu, 263, 264–265, 267–269, 268, 270, 301 Asitan, 280 Assimilation, 4 Athenaeum, 3 Index Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations and tables 364 Index B baksi (scholar), 176, 178, 179–180 Banishment regulations, Ming, 137 Banner system, 79–80, 140–141, 153, 175, 303 Bao Cheng-xian, 180, 183 Battle of Jinzhou, 79, 179 Battle of Sarhu, 16, 74, 75, 79, 149 Battle of Shanhaikuan, 81–82, 85 Bayan, 279 Bayote clan, 45 Biographies of Officials Who Served Two Dynasties, 283 Bird (origin) myth, 35–36 bithesi title, 180 Blacksmiths, 158 Board of Rites, 193–194, 209, 269–270 Bodde, Derk, 192 Buddhism, 13, 19, 263, 273–275, 285, 301 Bujai, 109 Bujantai, 41, 72, 132, 207–208 Bureaucracy, Qing. See Administrative structure, Qing Burial practice, 209 C Cang’an, 252–253 Canghai, 250–251 Cangsu, 44, 177 Canming, 157–158 Cao clan, 138–139 Cao Jun, 139 Cao Zhan, 139 Cecen Mongols, 84, 86 Celge, 141 Censorate, 80, 184–185, 186 Chahar Mongols, 10, 11, 45, 78, 80–81 Chan, Hok-lam, 190 Chang-ling, 142, 211 Cha Shenxing, 252 China Manchu conquest of, 67, 76, 77, 78–79, 80–82 Manchu quarters in, 215–216 See also Ming dynasty; Sinicization Chinese captives of Jurchen, 48, 101, 103, 139– 140, 142–143 enclaves among Jurchen, 146, 147 frontiersmen, 49, 130–131, 136–140, 158–159, 297–298 Han, 7 Manchu ethnic bonds, 37, 48–50 Manchu influence on, 304–305 Manchu intermarriage, 141–142 merchants, 111, 131, 137–138 migration to Manchuria, 129–131, 219 Qing administrative officials, 6, 42, 138, 143, 145, 152, 153, 155, 156, 177, 180–181, 184, 185 transfrontiersmen, 145–158 See also Sinicization Chong Myong-su, 156 Chou-liao shihua, 14–15 Cinggiyanu, 108, 109, 110, 132, 240 City god, cult of, 276 Clan names, 211–212 Clan structure, 134–135, 135, 174 Collected Liaodong Archival Compilation of the Ming Period (MLTT), 14, 102, 107 Complete Library of Four Treasuries, 282 Confucianism, 18, 19, 76, 87, 142, 154, 193, 217, 263–264, 278–285, 286–287, 301–302 Confucius Book of Songs, 243, 247, 269 Five Classics, 280 Four Books, 279 Court of Dependent Peoples, 80, 236 Cremation, 209 Crespigny, R.R.C. de, 97 Cuyen, 152 Index 365 D Dahai, 148–149, 150, 178, 179, 180, 182, 232, 240, 307 Daisan, 75, 79, 152, 242 Daoguang emperor, 206 Daoyuan, 274 Darhaci (Tong Dali), 112, 151 Dashun dynasty, 81–82 Dodo, 80, 81, 84, 85, 155, 208 Dongning Guard, 50, 108, 132–133, 298 Dongyi people, 33–34 Dorgon, 12, 67, 80–86, 99, 142, 181, 206, 208, 296 Drinking problem, 308 Dzungar Mongols, 155, 214 E Education, 154, 242–245, 247 Eidu, 16, 69, 72, 141, 207, 208 Eight Banners Archives, 14 Eight Banner system, 70, 71–72, 79–80, 86, 87, 140–141, 153, 175, 303 Eleuth Mongols, 10, 18, 44 Emperor Protection Society, 9 Esulele, 178 F Fadu (hunting pouch), 2, 220–221 Fahai, 235 Fanca, 40 Fan clan, 137, 142 Fang Chaoying, 18, 208 Fang Kongzhao, A Brief Account of China’s Frontiers, 16 Fan Wencheng, 18, 85, 137, 142, 180, 181, 183 Fan Yue, 137 Fe Ala, 67, 69, 134, 264 Feng Quan, 181 Fiongdon, 69, 72 Fishing, Jurchen, 98–99 Fletcher, Joseph, 238...