Africa in the American Imagination: Popular Culture, Radicalized Identities, and African Visual Culture

Index

253 Index Page number in italics refer to figures and plates. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. See AIDS advertising: fantasy in, 36, 39, 52, 76, 86; power in, 36, 39, 57; power of, 38; women in, 36, 57 Africa: and animals, 7, 27, 28, 42, 43, 84, 90, 130, 133, 139–40, 163, 167, 186n50, 195n67; and anthropologists, 48–52; as black, 43, 131, 137, 139, 142, 149, 154–55, 171, 176; colonial era photographs of, 46; definition of, 8, 9; European colonization of, 6; feminization of, 44–46; foreign aid to, 24–25, 187n63, 197n103; as nonmodern, 159, 171, 176; notion of, as the “Dark Continent,” 43–44, 56, 60, 195n72; perceptions of, as inferior, 6, 26, 27, 58, 115, 117, 158, 171, 176–77; perceptions of, as natural, 5, 27, 28, 43, 52, 60, 94, 115, 117, 125, 130, 132, 133, 137, 139, 141, 148, 150, 163, 167, plate 3; perceptions of, as wild(erness), 5, 42, 43, 44, 56, 94, 130, 141, 148, 152, 219n12; as racialized, 44, 50; stereotyping and/or misconception of, 5, 6, 7, 8, 26, 94, 114, 117–18, 137, 142, 149, 187n66, 195n67; and United States, 19, 24, 150, 179 Africa Adorned (Fisher), 90 African American people: and Africans, relations with, 27, 53–58; and art, 55, 56; conflation with Africans, 34, 42, 43, 55, 76, 88, 114, 177; in Disney culture, 216n82, 225n74; and economic inequality, 22, 34–35, 190n14; and hairstyle, 53–55, 56, 189n4, 197n95; identity of, 21, 35, 173; and kente, 101; perceptions of, as wild, 34, 40, 46, 52, 57; roots of, 19–20; and social inequality, 23, 34–35; stereotyping and/or misconceptions of, 8, 33, 190n16, 191n18, 191n20 African Ceremonies (Beckwith and Fisher), 160 African Immigrant Folklife Program (Smithsonian Institution), in 1997, 25, 93 African Material Culture (Hardin and Arnoldi), 3, 10 African people: and African Americans, relations with, 27, 53–58; and Americans, relations with, 24, 60, 164, 170, 173; and animals, 42, 44, 130–32; and art, 56, 182n11; colonial era photographs of, 46–53, 47, 49, 50, 51, 83, 195n78, 196n83; at Disney, 14, 28, 142, 168, 169; in Disney culture, 216n82; as educators, 25, 146; as entertainment, 146, 148; and hairstyle, 53–55, 56; as nonmodern, 28, 154, 165, 167; and nudity, 13, 48, 49, 50, 86; perception of, as wild, 43, 47, 49, 52, 53, 56, 57, 60, 81, 82, 86, 152; sexuality of, 5, 44–46, 53, 56, 60, 82, Index 254 86; stereotyping of, 5, 6, 7, 25–26, 60, 82, 114 Afrikaner National Party, 69 Afrikaners (people) 62, 69, 91 Agassiz, Louis, 82. See also photography: scientific AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome), assistance for in Africa, 3, 4, 5, 7, 170, 197n103 America (United States), 6, 9; and Africa, 19, 114; aid to Africa, 24–25, 197n103; as color-blind, 34, 35, 57, 137, 192n27; definition of, 8, 9; Jim Crow era, 43; perception as dominant, 96, 100, 108, 114, 115, 120, 126, 134, 135, 142, 147, 175; and race relations, 29, 131; and racial identity, 15; and racial tension, 15–16, 21, 24, 32, 56, 114, 171, 191n27; and South Africa, 29; as white, 27, 32–34, 52, 114, 117, 126, 128, 131, 134, 135–37, 171, 225n24 anthropologists, 107; and Africa, 48–52 architecture: Ndebele, 61, 62, 64, 65, 70, 74, 77, 91, 205n113; at Walt Disney World Resort, 116, 117, 120, 128, 132, 133, 137, 176, plate 6 Arnoldi, Mary Jo, African Material Culture, 3, 10 artists, African, 23, 68, 153, 154, 157, 158, 176 Asante (people), 96, 119, 206n4; kings/royalty, 162–63, 166, 169; and proverbs, 100–101; Queen Mother, 166; stools, 153. See also kente authenticity: in experience, 80, 119, 123, 136, 139, 149, 153, 156, 212n12; in information, 108, 119, 174, 175; in objects, 103, 104, 119, 123, 136, 141, 156, 158, 167, 171; in people, 77, 78, 85, 103, 191n18 Baartman, Saartje, 44, 46, 195n76 Baker, Josephine, 44–45, 45, 46 Bamenda Cooperative in Cameroon, 170 Bamileke (people): beaded hat, 157; household objects, 160 Banks, Tyra, 189n8, 197n102; description in photographs, 41, 46, 52–53, 76, 81, 86, 92; and Sports Illustrated (1996 swimsuit issue), 13, 26, 29, 30, 31–32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 42, 52, 88, 114 Bantu Homeland Citizens Act of 1970, 64 Barbie (doll), 4, 10, 11, 13, 16, 18, 24, 94, 99, 109, 128, 129, 137; Animal Kingdom Barbie, 153; Arctic Barbie, 109; Asha (African American Barbie...