Freedom and the Law

Index

Law_201-250.indd 49 10/27/09 8:09 AM INDEX Acton, Lord, 26, 27, 101 Adamson Act of 1916, 39 "Administrative law," 60, 64, 68, 72, 99, 131 in England, 60, 64, 67, 99 in France, 64 "Administrative" process, individual freedom dependent on, 99 Administrative tribunals, 65, 66, 67 and rule of law, 65 AJien, Sir Carleton Kemp, 31, 60, 63, 64, 86, 99, 181, 183n, 206 American Constitution, 36, 37 individual rights derived from, 62 origin of, 126 Arbitrariness, legislation as alternative to, 150 Arbitration, 175 Aristotle, 48, 72, 75, 76, 78 and power approach, 229-230 Ashton, T. S., 56 Austin, John, 29, 91, 115 AustrianCodeof1811, 142 Bargaining, verbal, 220 Bastiat, Frederic, 138, 244 Bentham, Jeremy, 91 "Bifurcated man," theory of, 42 Binding precedent, 86, 181 Black, Duncan, 105, 222 Bosanquet, Bernard, 42 Bowles, Chester, 36 Broadcasting, public versus private ownership in, 168 Brutzkus, B., 19 Buchanan, James, 107, 131,223,224, 226, 227, 242, 243, 244 Buckland, W. W., 82, 209 Burke, Edmund, 88, 113 Burnham, James, 10, 59 Business, individual freedom in, 90 Case law, "uncertainty of," 71 Cato the Censor, 88, 207 Centralized economy criticisms of, 89 drawbacks of, 19 resembling legal system centered on legislation, 22 Certainty of the law, 70, 71, 72, 73, 79, 90, 131 classic interpretation of, 72 Continental concept of, 73, 75 and the Corpus Juris Civilis, 73 English concept of, 73 Greek concept of, 73, 75, 76 and individual freedom, 93-94 long-run, 81, 92, 131-132 Roman concept of, 82-83, 84, 93 and rule of law, 95 short-run, 80, 81, 93 and written law, 73, 79, 80, 94 Choice. See aLw CoJiective choice; Economic choice; Group decisions; Individual choice; Political choice and committees, 222 249 economic, 106, 222 free, in economic activities, 164, 167168 of individual contrasted to group, 225 of individual in market, 109 law as object of, 219 market. See Market choice political ("collective" ) distinguished from private ("voluntary"), 228 process of, in group and individual decisions, 221-222, 225 of rules for political game, 226-227 Law_201-250.indd 50 10/27/09 8:09 AM 250 INDEX Choice (continued) voting as collective, 224 voting versus market, 223-224 Cicero, 73, 75, 84-85, 88 Civil law, 31 displaced by statutory law, 6 Claim, 195 illegal, 197 individual. See Individual claim legal, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 201, 203 Code Napoleon, 6, 142 Codification of law in Continental Europe, 73, 141, 142, 143, 209 in England, 143-144 Coercion, 169, 193 in collective decision-making, 110, 228 in economics, 228 implied by freedom, 42 in politics, 228-229 voting as means of, 108, 123, 225 Coke, Sir Edward, 86, 91, 92 Collective choice as coercive, 110, 228 distinguished from voluntary choice, 228 legislation as, 110 voting as, 224 Committees and economic and political choice, 106, 222 theory of, 222 voting as means of reaching decision of, 222 Common law, 68 codification of in England, 143- 144 displaced by statutory law, 6 distinguished from legislation, 178-179 and free market system, 90 rendered into statutory law, 143 Common-law judges, 86 Common property, 52 socialist version of, 53 "Common will," 119,120,135, 136. See also Group decisions; Majorities group decisions incompatible with, 136 group decisions reflecting, 137 and individual freedom, 151 in modern political communities, 134 theoretical model of, 135 Companies Act of 1948, 144 Competition, market versus political, 128 Confucian principle (Golden Rule), 1516 , 134 Conscription, military in Anglo-Saxon countries, 37 in Europe, 38 Conseil d'etat, 30, 63, 64, 99 Constant, Benjamin, 60, 152 Constitutions American. See American Constitution English. See English constitution European, English misunderstandings of, 59 French, 70 Italian, 126-127 written, 12, 73, 129, 144, 145 Constraint as contrasted to pressure and propaganda, 147 exercised by majorities, 134 and freedom as absence of, 5, 102, 169 freedom from. See Freedom from constraint linked to, 5, 6, 48, 51 as opposed to, 4, 5, 48 relation of to, 5, 6, 51 and free market, 49 and legislation, 6, 13 and meaning of "liberal," 48 private property the result of, 52 as psychological attitude, 4 univocal theory of, 5 Continentaljurists, 12, 139-140, 141, 213-214 Continental law, 12 and adoption of Corpus Juris Civilis, 12 and certainty of the law, 73, 75 as "lawyers' law," 12 Corporation Act of 1661, 27 Corpus juris Civilis, 12, 24, 73, 81 , 83, 139- 140 and certainty of the law, 73 content of, 139 influence on contemporary Continental codes, 12, 83...