Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion

Index

269 index Academics on liberty and necessity, 250 Aesop’s Fables, 91 n. Afterlife, goodness of God argued from, 227 Ambassadors, 66 Analogy, 195, 201 Anderson, George, xvi, 237 Androcles and the lion, 91 Animals: bull-baiting, 12; created world, lack of perfection in, 223–26; identity, concept of, 126–29; nature of species affecting laws governing, 25, 41; praise and blame not extended to, 249; thinking, power of, 179–80; unknown animals, dread of, 197, 198; utility as foundation of morality, 90–91; vision, theories of, 171 Antiochus Epiphanes, 13 A posteriori arguments for existence of God, 210–11 Approbation and disapprobation, 27– 29, 34, 90–92, 238 A priori arguments for existence of God, 201–3 Aquinas, St. Thomas, 172 Argyll, 3rd Duke of, xi Aristotle, 166–68 Arminianism, 133, 135, 138, 139 Atheism, 75, 139 Atomistic theory of vision, 167 n. 4 Augustine, St., 133 Avicenna, 172 Babel, tower of, 165, 166 Bear-gardens, 13–14 Beauty and ugliness or deformity, moral sense of, 26–30 Belief, 49, 143–48 Benevolence as principle of moral action , 45; natural law, 55–57, 59; selfish system, 78–82; universal vs. partial benevolence, 41–44; utility as foundation of morality, 82–83, 93. See also Good and evil Benevolence of God. See Goodness of God Berkeley, George, xviii, 158–62, 169–70 Bernard, St., 133 Bible: 2 Kings 2:11, 105–6 n.; Genesis 42:21–22, 35 n. Blair, Hugh, xvii, 233 n. 8 Blame and praise, 99, 111–17, 247–49 Body and mind. See Matter and spirit Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount , 88–90, 89 n. 19 Bonar, John, xvi Bos, l’Abbé du (Jean-Baptiste Dubos), 11–13 Boyle lectures, 68 n., 201 Bravery, 21, 199 Briggs, William, 172–75 Brutes. See Animals 270 index Buffon, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de, 200 Bull-baiting, 12 Bute, John Stuart, Earl of, xi Butler, Joseph, 33–34, 240 Calvin, John, 132 Carmichael, Gershom, ix Causation, xviii, 185–91; effects, sense of all things as, 189–91; external senses, perceptions of, 150; future events, knowledge of, 193–95; God’s existence made manifest in principle of, 205–8, 210, 230–33; goodness of God perceived from, 206, 220–21; human conviction of, 122–23; Hume’s concept, critique of, 186– 89; knowledge of Deity dependent on, xviii; material and moral worlds, 97–100, 110–11; natural world, intuitive knowledge of, 197; power, idea of, 185–89 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of, 73–74 n. Children and parents, 57, 59 Chrysippus, 119 n. Church of Scotland: dual religious loyalties of Kames, x; liberty and necessity , Kames’s controversial treatment of, xv–xvii, 131–39 Cicero, 119 n., 166 Civil or municipal laws compared to natural law, 59–61 Clarke, Samuel, xviii, 67–70, 103, 191, 201 n. 1, 215 Clement XIV, Pope (Lorenzo Ganganelli ), 143 Clock or machine, world viewed as, 121 Collins, Anthony, 103 n. Color, reality of perception of, 154, 156 Common sense, liberty of indifference as attack on, 137 Common Sense philosophy, xvii–xviii, 75 n. Compassion, 12, 19, 20–21 Conscience, 33–34 Consciousness: self (personal identity), xvii, 6, 125–30, 260–62; thinking process, 182–84 Constancy and uniformity of nature and knowledge of future events, 195 Constraint and necessity, distinguishing , 104–5, 106, 117, 247 Contingency: analogous to liberty of action, 247; causation, human conviction of, 122–23, 259–60; derivation of delusive sense of liberty, 117– 23, 246–47, 249–60; lack of, 100, 110–11; motivation, human sense of ability to act against, 5–6, 98–99, 106, 111–13. See also Liberty and necessity Cooper, Anthony Ashley, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, xiii, 30, 55, 252 Copyright law, xi n. 5 Courage, 21, 199 Crantz, David, 206 n. Created world, lack of perfection in, 223–26 Creech, William, xii, xv n. 13 Cruelty, human attraction to. See Distress , attachment to objects of Curiosity, 97 Dark, dread of supernatural powers in, 199–200, 213–14 Deceit and delusion: denial of delusive sense of liberty, 122–23, 138–39, 259– 60; derivation of delusive sense of liberty, 117–23, 246–47, 249–60; external senses, perceptions of, 157, 262–63; foundation of moral virtue on deceit, objections to, 252–53; God represented as deceitful, 253– index 271 54, 256–57; human ability to gain knowledge about deceitfulness of sense of liberty, 254–55, 257–58; motivation , human sense of...