Caution and Cooperation: The American Civil War in British-American Relations

Notes

Notes Abbreviations Add. Mss. Additional Manuscripts, British Library, London BDFA British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print, pt. , ser. C., vols. 5–8, ed. Kenneth Bourne. Frederick, Md.: University Publications of America, 986 BL British Library, London CO Colonial Office CWL Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln FO Foreign Office FO 5 General Correspondence, America, United States, ser. II. Public Record Office, London FO 5 United States of America (Embassy and Consular), Correspondence. Public Record Office, London Lincoln Papers Abraham Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.: American Memory Project, 2000–2002, ser. –3. LC Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. LRO Liverpool Record Office, William Brown Library, Liverpool MG Public Archives of Canada, Manuscript Group NA National Archives, Washington, D.C. NMM National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, England ORN Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, ser. II. PAC Public Archives of Canada, Ottawa PAC, RG 7, G0 Public Archives of Canada, Record Group 7, Group 0, Drafts of Secret and Confidential Despatches to the Colonial Office, 856–93 PAC, RG 7, G2 Letterbooks of Confidential Despatches from the Governor-General of Canada to the Colonial Office, 799–902 PRO Public Record Office, Kew, England 257 Introduction . D. P. Crook, The North, the South, and the Powers, 86–865 (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 974); Brian Jenkins, Britain and the War for the Union, 2 vols. (Montreal: McGillQueens Univ. Press, 974–80); Howard Jones, Abraham Lincoln and a New Birth of Freedom: The Union and Slavery in the Diplomacy of the Civil War (Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press, 999), and especially his Union in Peril: The Crisis over British Intervention in the Civil War (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 992); Dean B. Mahin, One War at a Time: The International Dimensions of the American Civil War (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 999). 2. Works that argue for the significance of prewar contingencies to best analyze wartime Anglo-American relations are Ephraim D. Adams, Great Britain and the American Civil War, 2 vols. (New York: Longmans, Green, 925); Duncan Andrew Campbell, English Public Opinion and the American Civil War (Woodbridge, UK: Royal Historical Society, 2003); Adrian Cook, The Alabama Claims: American Politics and Anglo-American Relations, 865–872 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell Univ. Press, 974); Martin Crawford, The Anglo-American Crisis of the Mid-Nineteenth Century: The Times and America, 850–862 (Athens: Univ. of Georgia Press, 987); James W. Daddysman, The Matamoros Trade: Confederate Commerce , Diplomacy, and Intrigue (Newark: Univ. of Delaware Press, 984); Reginald C. Stuart , United States Expansionism and British North America, 775–87 (Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 988); also see a perceptive article, George L. Bernstein, “Special Relationship and Appeasement: Liberal Policy towards America in the Age of Palmerston,” Historical Journal 4, no. 3 (998): 725–50; and two dissertations, my “Mask of Indifference: Great Britain’s North American Policy and the Path to the Treaty of Washington, 85–87” (Ph.D. diss., University of Iowa, 978); and Joseph M. Schweninger, “‘A lingering war must be prevented’: The Defense of the Northern Frontier, 82–87” (Ph.D. diss., Ohio State University, 998). One work that does not consider prewar or postwar relations in any detail but that argues that British-American cooperation prevented a flash point in relations is Frank J. Merli, Great Britain and the Confederate Navy, 86–865 (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 970). Two books that take the long view but repeat the traditional view that an identifiable rapprochement did not occur until the late 890s are Kenneth Bourne, Britain and the Balance of Power in North America, 85–908 (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 967), in which he sees better relations coming out of the 850s that were threatened by the Civil War and failed to recover until the 890s; and a survey by Charles S. Campbell, From Revolution to Rapprochement: The United States and Great Britain, 783–900. America and the World Series (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 974). 3. David Hepburn Milton, Lincoln’s Spymaster: Thomas Haines Dudley and the Liverpool Network (Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2003), 4. . The Antebellum Rapprochement . Fred Anderson and Andrew Clayton, The Dominion of War: Empire and Liberty in North America, 500–2000 (New York: Viking, 2005), xvii. Pierre-Henri Laurent...