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Notes Introduction 1. Defendant’sMotioninLimine,UnitedStatesv.Lacey,etal.,No.1:09-­cr-­00507-­KMW (S.D.N.Y. November 18, 2010). Chaim Saiman was the first of many friends to e-­mail me this motion. Thank you to all. 2. United States v. Lacey, et al., No. 1:09-­ cr-­ 00507-­ KMW (order conditionally granting Motion in Limine). 3. Ashby Jones, “If It’s a Girl, Judge Kimba Woods Will Celebrate!” Wall Street Journal Law Blog, November 19, 2010, http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2010/11/19/if-­ its-­ a-­ girl-­ judge-­kimba-­wood-­will-­celebrate/ (accessed December 1, 2010). 4. Debra Cassens Weiss, “It’s a Boy! Manhattan Lawyer Gets Trial Reprieve for Grandson’s Bris,” ABA Journal (November 30, 2010), http://www.abajournal.com /news/article/its_a_boy_manhattan_lawyer_gets_trial_reprieve_for_grandsons_bris/ (accessed December 2, 2010). 5. Daniel Sperber, “Congregational Dignity and Human Dignity: Women and Public Torah Reading,” in Women and Men in Communal Prayer: Halakhic Perspectives, ed. Chaim Trachtman (New York: Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance, 2010), 90 and Appendix 3. 6. Rachel Adler, “I’ve Had Nothing Yet So I Can’t Take More,” Moment 8 (September 1983): 22, 24. 7. Rachel Biale, Women and Jewish Law: An Exploration of Women’s Issues in Halakhic Sources (New York: Schocken Books, 1984), 8. See also Leonard D. Gordon, “Toward a Gender-­Inclusive Account of Halakhah,” in Gender and Judaism: The Transformation of Tradition, ed. T. M. Rudavsky (New York: New York University Press, 1995), 10. 8. Haym Soloveitchik, “Rupture and Reconstruction: The Transformation of Contemporary Orthodoxy,” Tradition 28 (Summer 1994): 69. My thanks to Sid Vidaver for recommending this article to me. 9. Gail Collins, When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2009), 22–23, 250–51. Chapter 1. Traditional Ashkenazic Naming Practices for Girls 1. Yitzchak Yaakov Weiss, Minchat Yitzchak, vol. 4, siman 107, paragraph 2. 2. E.g., Jules Harlow, ed., Siddur Sim Shalom: A Prayerbook for Shabbat, Festivals, and Weekdays (New York: The Rabbinical Assembly, 1985), 406–7; Kol Haneshama: Shabbat Vehagim, 3rd ed. (Wyncote, PA: Reconstructionist Press, 1996), 691, 785. See also Siddur Sim Shalom for Weekdays (New York: The Rabbinical Assembly, 2002), 244–45 (additions for Grace After Meals). This also holds true for many prayer books used in Orthodox synagogues. 240 notes to chapter one 3. Siddur Rinat Yisrael, Nusach Ashkenaz (for Israel) (Jerusalem: Moreshet Ltd. Publishing House, 1976), 273; Siddur Rinat Yisrael, Nusach Ashkenaz (for outside of Israel) (Jerusalem: Moreshet Ltd. Publishing House, 1972), 257; The Koren Siddur, Nusah Ashkenaz , with introduction, translation, and commentary by Jonathan Sacks (Jerusalem: Koren Publishers Jerusalem Ltd., 2009), 510–11; The Artscroll Siddur, Weekday/Sabbath/ Festival, 2nd ed., translated and with commentary by Nosson Scherman (Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, Ltd., 1990), 442–43; Aharon Cohen, Zeved HaBat (Jerusalem: Kaneh, 1990), 14. 4. Reuven P. Bulka, The RCA Lifecycle Madrikh (New York: Rabbinical Council of America, 1995), 2; Binyomin S. Hamburger, Shorshei Minhag Ashkenaz, vol. 3 (Bnei Brak, Israel: Machon Moreshes Ashkenaz, 2001), 397 (citing Siddur Ateret Yerushalayim [Jerusalem: Ateret Publications, 1989], 211, and Siddur Shaar Harachamim with Commentary of the Magid Tzedek, vol. 1 [Jerusalem: n.p., 1992], 328). See also Yosef David Weisberg, Otzar HaBrit: Encyclopedia on Topics of Circumcision, vol. 1 (Jerusalem: The Torat Habrit Institute, 1993), 333; Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, Halichot Beita, 13:13 and note 31. 5. See, e.g., Scherman, ed., Artscroll Siddur, 442–43; Philip Birnbaum, Daily Prayer Book (Siddur Ha-­Shalem) (New York: Hebrew Publishing Company, 1977), 372. 6. Blu Greenberg, How to Run a Traditional Jewish Household (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc., 1989), 248. See also Harvey E. Goldberg, Jewish Passages: Cycles of Jewish Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003), 68. 7. bt Brachot 54a; Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim 219:1. 8. I use masculine God language throughout this book, with the recognition that God is, of course, neither masculine nor feminine. 9. David de Sola Pool, Book of Prayer According to the Custom of the Spanish and Portuguese Jews, 2nd ed. (New York: Union of Sephardic Congregations, 1947), 417. 10. Ibid. (my translation). See also, e.g., A. Cohen, Zeved HaBat, 15–19; David Levi, ed., Siddur Tefilat HeChodesh (Jerusalem: Erez, 2004), 657; Siddur Ahava V’Achva (Jerusalem : Yichva Da’at Institute, 1997/1998), 542–43; Eliezer Toledano, ed., Siddur Kol Sasson:TheOrotSephardicShabbatSiddur(Lakewood,NJ:Orot,Inc.,1995),779.Seealso Leopold Low, Die Lebensalter in der Judischen Literatur (Szegedin, Hungary: Druck von Sigmund Burger’s Wwe., 1875...

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