Dawn of Desegregation: J. A. De Laine and Briggs v. Elliott

Notes and Sources

Notes and Sources General Sources For additional information on J. A. De Laine, the reader is referred to the following sources: Joseph A. De Laine Papers, University Libraries Digital Collection, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Available online at http://www.sc.edu/library/digital/collections/ delaine.html (accessed September 3, 2010). J. A. De Laine, “Our Part in a Revolution,” AME Christian Recorder (Nashville), 1966–70 (ca. 150 installments). For general information about the Brown lawsuits, education in South Carolina, and NAACP efforts in the state during the 1940s, the reader is referred to the following works: W. Lewis Burke and Belinda F. Gergel, eds., Matthew J. Perry: The Man, His Times, and His Legacy (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2004). Richard Kluger, Simple Justice: The History of “Brown v. Board of Education” and Black America’s Struggle for Equality (New York: Vintage Books, Random House, 2004). Peter F. Lau, Democracy Rising: South Carolina and the Fight for Black Equality since 1865 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2006), esp. chap. 4. Julie Magruder Lochbaum, The Word Made Flesh: The Desegregation Leadership of the Rev. J. A. De Laine (Ph. D. diss., University of South Carolina, 1993). Juan Williams, Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary (New York: Three Rivers Press, 1998). Tinsley E. Yarbrough, A Passion for Justice: J. Waties Waring and Civil Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), esp. chap. 7. 1. Briars of Discrimination The source of much of the data about schools was Julie Magruder Lochbaum, The Word Made Flesh: The Desegregation Leadership of the Rev. J. A. De Laine (Ph. D. diss., University of South Carolina, 1993). For a brief discussion of education funding in South Carolina, see Ada Louise Steirer and James C. Hite, Historical Development of South Carolina’s State and Local Revenue System. Strom Thurman Institute Working Paper Series (Clemson, S.C.: Strom Thurmond Institute of Government and Public Affairs, Clemson University, 2005). The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund Inc. (LDF) worked in the courts to secure equal justice. At the time of the events being discussed, it was popularly referred to as the NAACP. Senator W. B. Harvey’s remarks regarding busing appeared in the March 13, 1943, edition of the Sumter Daily Item, reprinted from the Charleston News and Courier. Notes and Sources 198 In a 2005 telephone interview with the author, Willard Strong provided information about the history of the Santee Cooper Hydroelectric Project and Lake Marion. Daisy De Laine Block was a major source of De Laine family information. Information about the 6-0-1 law was found in W. W. Carpenter and L. E. Flowers, “Evaluation of Certain Plans of Financing Education in South Carolina,” Peabody Journal of Education 7, no. 1 (1929): 37–41. Robertha Mack Prince provided much of the information used in this and other chapters related to Society Hill Church. 2. Spokesman for the Disenfranchised Although the reservoirs of the new Lake Marion were full enough to begin generating electric power within two months after closure of the gates in 1941, it took several years for the lake to reach its final size. The digging of the beds for the two reservoirs was the largest land-clearing project ever undertaken in United States. The Pearson cousins, Jessie and Ferdinand Pearson, provided most of the information used in the account of the classes for veterans. In addition to the Pearson cousins, the men who signed the letter of July 6, 1946, requesting classes for veterans were George Harvin, Jessie Ranton, Bertice Lemmon, Elven Walker, Fladger Harvin, and Samuel Nelson. Information concerning the parents’ bus came from Jessie Pearson, Ferdinand Pearson, J. A. De Laine, Jr., B. B. De Laine, and Clara Gipson McKnight. 4. Ups and Downs An article in the March 15, 1955, issue of Columbia’s State newspaper discussed both the reintroduction of twelfth grade and teachers’ salaries. See Tinsley A. Yarbrough’s A Passion for Justice: J. Waties Waring and Civil Rights (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987) for information on Judge Waring’s rulings. 5. Transition Several documents erroneously refer to S. Isaiah Benson as I. S. Benson. Reverdy Wells was the source of the information about Mr. Benson’s relationship with the senior class. The six others who attended the meeting with Thurgood Marshall were Hammett Pearson, his wife Charlotte, and son Jessie; Levi Pearson and his son Willie (not Ferdinand); and Ravenel Felder, a Davis Station World War II veteran and local teacher. Information about Mr. Benson’s teaching...