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Appendix 6 Post–World War II Third-Party and Independent Members of Congress Member Service under Third-Party or Inclusive Dates of Independent Designation All Congressional Service Sen. Robert La Follette Jr. 1934–47 Wisconsin Progressive Senate, 1925–47 Rep. Merlin Hull 1935–47 Wisconsin Progressive House, 1929–31, 1935–53 Rep. Vito Marcantonio 1939–51 New York American House, 1935–37, Labor 1939–51 Rep. Leo Isacson 1948–49 New York American House, 1948–49 Labor Rep. Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr. 1949–51 New York Liberal House, 1949–55 Rep. Frazier Reams 1951–55 Independent, Ohio House, 1951–55 Sen. Wayne L. Morse 1952–55 Independent, Oregon Senate, 1945–69 Sen. J. Strom Thurmonda 1955–57 Independent, Senate, 1955–2003 South Carolina Rep. Quentin N. Burdick 1959–60 North Dakota House, 1959–60; Nonpartisan League Senate, 1960–92 Sen. Harry F. Byrd Jr. 1970–83 Independent, Virginia Senate, 1965–83 Sen. James L. Buckley 1971–77 New York Conservative Senate, 1971–77 Rep./Sen. Bernard Sanders 1991– Independent, House, 1991–2007; Vermont Senate, 2007– Rep. Virgil H. Goode Jr. 2000–2002 Independent, Virginia House, 1997–2009 Sen. James M. Jeffords 2001–7 Independent, Vermont House, 1975–89; Senate, 1989–2007 Sen. Dean M. Barkleyb 2002–3 Minnesota Independence Senate, 2002–3 Sen. Joseph I. Lieberman 2007– Independent, Connecticut Senate, 1989– Sen. Lisa A. Murkowskia 2011– Independent Republican, House, 1998–2000; Alaska Senate, 2002– 246 Appendix 6 Notes a. Strom Thurmond in 1954 and Lisa Murkowski in 2010 won U.S. Senate elections as write-in candidates. b. Dean Barkley was appointed by Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura to a short interim. Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–Present, http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp (accessed August 5, 2011). ...

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