Freebooters and Smugglers: The Foreign Slave Trade in the United States after 1808

Title Page, Copyright, Dedication

Freebooters and Smugglers Freebooters and Smugglers THE FOREIGN SLAVE TRADE IN THE UNITED STATES AFTER 1808 by Ernest Obadele-Starks THE UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS PRESS FAYETTEVILLE • 2007 Copyright © 2007 by The University of Arkansas Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America 11 10 09 08 07 5 4 3 2 1 TEXT DESIGN BY ELLEN BEELER ∞ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Obadele-Starks, Ernest, 1959Freebooters and smugglers : the foreign slave trade in the United States after 1808 / by Ernest Obadele-Starks. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-55728-858-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-55728-858-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Slave trade—United States—History—19th century. 2. Slave traders—United States—History—19th century. 3. Pirates—United States—History—19th century. 4. Smugglers—United States—History—19th century. 5. Slave trade— Africa—History—19th century. 6. Slavery—Law and legislation—United States—History—19th century. 7. Slavery—Southern States—History— 19th century. I.Title. E446.O23 2007 973.7'1—dc22 2007030918 To my parents, Ernest K. and Mary E. Starks ...