Beyond Smoke and Mirrors: Mexican Immigration in an Era of Economic Integration

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BEYOND SMOKE AND MIRRORS BEYOND SMOKE AND MIRRORS MEXICAN IMMIGRATION IN AN ERA OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Douglas S. Massey, Jorge Durand, and Nolan J. Malone Russell Sage Foundation • New York The Russell Sage Foundation The Russell Sage Foundation, one of the oldest of America’s general purpose foundations, was established in 1907 by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage for “the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States.” The Foundation seeks to fulfill this mandate by fostering the development and dissemination of knowledge about the country’s political, social, and economic problems . While the Foundation endeavors to assure the accuracy and objectivity of each book it publishes, the conclusions and interpretations in Russell Sage Foundation publications are those of the authors and not of the Foundation, its Trustees, or its staff. Publication by Russell Sage, therefore, does not imply Foundation endorsement. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Ira Katznelson, Chair Alan S. Blinder Christine K. Cassel Thomas D. Cook Robert E. Denham Jennifer L. Hochschild Timothy A. Hultquist Kathleen Hall Jamieson Melvin Konner Ellen Condliffe Lagemann Cora B. Marrett Eugene Smolensky Eric Wanner Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Massey, Douglas S. Beyond smoke and mirrors : Mexican immigration in an era of economic integration / Douglas S. Massey, Jorge Durand, Nolan J. Malone. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. United States—Emigration and immigration—Government policy. 2. Mexico—Emigration and immigration—Government policy. 3. Mexicans—United States. 4. United States—Foreign relations— Mexico. 5. Mexico—Foreign relations—United States. 6. Emigration and immigration law—United States. I. Durand, Jorge. II. Malone, Nolan J. III. Title. JV6483 .M33 2002 325.272073—dc21 2001055712 Copyright  2002 by Russell Sage Foundation. First papercover edition  2003. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Reproduction by the United States Government in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose. The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials. ANSI Z39.48–1992. Text design by Suzanne Nichols RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION 112 East 64th Street, New York, New York 10021 ISBN 10: 0-87154-589-6 (cloth) ISBN 10: 0-87154-590-X (paper) ISBN 13: 978-0-87154-589-3 (cloth) ISBN 13: 978-0-87154-590-9 (paper) 10 9 8 7 6 ...