Politics, Labor, and the War on Big Business: The Path of Reform in Arizona, 1890-1920

Notes

241 Notes a bbrev ia tio n s AHS Arizona Historical Society, Tucson ASL Arizona State Library, Archives, and Public Records, Phoenix ASU Arizona Collection, Arizona State University Libraries, Tempe NAU Northern Arizona University, Cline Library, Special Collections, Flagstaff SHM Sharlot Hall Museum, Prescott, Arizona SPP Socialist Party of America Papers, Duke University, Durham, NC UOA Special Collections, University of Arizona, Tucson WFM Western Federation of Miners Papers, Western History Collection, University of Colorado, Boulder in tro d uc tio n 1. “Better Days Coming,” Verde [Arizona] Daily Copper News (August 3, 1918): 2. 2. On the decline of Progressivism nationally in this period see, for example, John A. Thompson, Reformers and War: American Progressive Publicists and the First World War (Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1987). On repression during the war, see 242 n o t e s H. C. Peterson and Gilbert C. Fite, Opponents of War 1917–1918 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1957). 3. A useful survey of the vast amount of literature on the Progressive movement is found in Richard L. McCormick and Arthur S. Link, Progressivism (Arlington Heights, IL: Harlan Davidson, 1983) and Daniel T. Rodgers, “In Search of Progressivism,” Reviews in American History 10 (December 1982): 113–132. More recent works that also provide literature reviews are Michael McGerr, A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920 (New York: Free Press, 2003), and Shelton Stromquist, Reinventing “the People”: The Progressive Movement, the Class Problem, and the Origins of Modern Liberalism (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006). Both of the latter studies argue that, contrary to some previous research, it makes sense to talk about a single “Progressive movement,” though it had many specific twists and turns. The opposing argument was advanced by Peter G. Filene, “An Obituary for ‘the Progressive Movement,’” American Quarterly 22 (1970): 20–34. 4. See regional overviews in McCormick and Link, Progressivism. Among the state studies I found particularly useful for this study are Danney Goble, Progressive Oklahoma: The Making of a New Kind of State (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1980); Herbert F. Margulies, The Decline of the Progressive Movement in Wisconsin, 1870–1920 (Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1968); Thomas R. Pegram, Partisans and Progressives: Private Interests and Public Policy in Illinois, 1870–1922 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992). For an understanding of the Oregon experience, which was particularly relevant in Arizona, see Robert D. Johnston, The Radical Middle Class: Populist Democracy and the Question of Capitalism in Progressive Era Portland, Oregon (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2003) and sources cited therein. On California, see William Deverell and Tom Sitton eds., California Progressivism Revisited (Berkeley.: University of California Press, 1994); George E. Mowry, The California Progressives (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951); Spencer C. Olin Jr., California’s Prodigal Sons: Hiram Johnson and the Progressives, 1911–1917 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968). For business behavior, see also Mansel G. Blackford, The Politics of Business in California, 1890–1920 (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1977). 5. Works to which the current study is related, though with a different time period, emphasis, or both, include James W. Byrkit, Forging the Copper Collar (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982); Phillip J. Mellinger, Race and Labor in Western Copper: The Fight for Equality, 1896–1918 (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1995); and Katherine Benton-Cohen, Borderline Americans: Racial Divisions and Labor Wars in the Arizona Borderlands (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009). The author’s major work inthisarea,uponwhichthisvolumebuilds,consistsoftwobooks:Reformers,Corporations, and the Electorate (Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1992) and Radicalism in the Mountain West, 1890–1920 (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2007). 6. Two works on O’Neill that cover his Populist activities, though in a limited fashion , are Ralph Keithley, Buckey O’Neill, He Stayed with ’em While He Lasted (Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1949), and Dale L. Walker, Death Was the Black Horse (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1983, © 1975). 7. This book covers Hunt’s career up to World War I as part of a political history of that period. General overviews of his longer career are found in John S. Goff, George 243 n o t e s W.P. Hunt and His Arizona (Pasadena, CA: Socio-Technical Publications, 1973), and Marjorie Haines Wilson, “The Gubernatorial Career of George W.P. Hunt of Arizona,” PhD dissertation, Arizona State University, Tempe, 1973. Also helpful in...