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10.1. GEORGE C. SHATTUCK Report on the Yucatán Medical Expedition YB 28:301–303, 1929 At the suggestion of Carnegie Institution of Washington the Yucatán Medical Expedition was organized by the Department of Tropical Medicine of the School of Public Health of Harvard University. It was financed jointly by the Institution and by the Department. The Expedition, making its headquarters at Chichén Itzá, worked under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution . The members of the Expedition were Dr. G. C. Shattuck, director, Dr. Joseph C. Bequaert, entomologist ,andDr.JackH.Sandground,helminthologist,from the Department of Tropical Medicine; and Dr. Kenneth Goodner, bacteriologist from the Department of Bacteriology . Mr. Byron L. Bennett served as laboratory technician .MembersoftheExpedition,exceptDr.Bequaert, whosedeparturewaspostponed,sailedfromNewYork on February 1, 1929. Work was begun at Chichén Itzá in on the day of arrival, February 8, although it was somedayslaterbeforetheportablelaboratorywascompletely set up and fully equipped. The object of the Expedition was to make preliminary medical survey of Yucatán. With this purpose in view, two centers of 10.0. Physical Anthropology 369 population, Dzitás and Chan Kom, were selected for special study. Dzitás exemplified the small town of mixed population having railway communications withtheouterworld,andChanKomtypifiedthelarge, isolated village of practically pure Maya stock. In both places free clinics were held which made it possible, not only to examine a large proportion of the entire population of these localities, but also to supply the laboratory with quantities of material. The physical examinations made in the clinics showed the development of the individual, his state of nutrition and the presence or absence of characteristic physical signs of diseases. The laboratory studies included estimates of hemoglobin, typing of blood specimens , Kahn and cholesterol reactions which have a significance like that of the Wasserman test, examinations of blood smears for malaria, Schick testing to determine susceptibility to diphtheria, examination of feces for protozoön or helminthic parasites, such as the amoeba of dysentery and the hookworm, culturing the feces for pathogenic bacteria, and bacteriological T H E C A R N E G I E M A Y A 370 PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY testing of water supplies. Local epidemiological data were obtained by abstracting the records of births and deaths in Dzitás, and by house-to-house visiting and census taking in Dzitás and in Chan Kom. Meanwhile, numbers of patients were examined and treated almost every day in the laboratory at Chichén Itzá and visits were made to various Indian villages. Conditions in them were found to be similar to those in Chan Kom. After Dr. Sandground and Dr. Goodner had completed their work and returned home, the laboratory was virtually closed. I then made a visit to Uxmal, where malaria has been prevalent in the past. Subsequently , I undertook two trips into the forests of the Territory of Quintana Roo to compare conditions there with those in Yucatán and to learn what I could about the prevalence and distribution of an interesting ulcerative disease known locally as “chiclero ulcer” or piquete de mosca. I had previously seen a few examples of this disease inYucatán but they had been contracted in Quintana Roo. The first journey was from Tizimín to the Colonia Santa Maria, about 80 to 90 miles [128.8–144.8 km] distant by road and trail, and the second was to Xyatil and Xpichil which lie about 95 miles [152.9 km] southeastofPeto .MypartyonthesetripsincludedMr.Bennett and Sr. Felipe Castillo of Dzitás who served as interpreter . Clinics held at the Colonia for five days gave opportunitytoexamineaconsiderablenumberofMexicans . Through the good offices of Srs. Cué Hermanos our party was provided with mules for the journey in both directions and was housed and fed at the “Colonia” without charge. The trip from Peto was very kindly arranged for me by Sr. de la Torre of the MexicanExploitationCompanyandbyMr .JosephF.Rehani of Mérida. The object was to visit the Indians at Xyatil and Xpichil who live under conditions differing from those at Chan Kom and who are even more isolated. Dr. Bequaert, who was to collect biting insects and plants, postponed his coming until after the rains had begun because of the scarcity of insects and of flowers in the dry season. He reached Mérida on May 29 and proceeded the next day to Chichén Itzá. Subsequently, he spent a week at Chan Kom and, later, he obtained important information from Dr. Gaumer at Izamal. I sailed for home...

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