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  /PUFT $IBQUFS®8F"SF-JWJOHJOB%JGGFSFOU%BZ¯ 1. Sally Palmer Thomason, “The Three Ed’s: Memphis in 1948,” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 52 (1998): 150. 2. Michael R. Gardner, Harry S. Truman and Civil Rights: Moral Courage and Political Risks (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2002), 16–20. 3. Robert H. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman: A Life (Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1994), 293. 4. Gardner, Harry S. Truman and Civil Rights, 16–20. 5. Donald R. McCoy, The Presidency of Harry S. Truman (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1984), 106–8. 6. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman: A Life, 295. 7. Ibid. 8. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 3 February 1948. 9. Kari A. Frederickson, The Dixiecrat Revolt and the End of the Solid South, 1932–1968 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 78. 10. Ibid., 79; Memphis Commercial Appeal, 8 February 1948. 11. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 8 February 1948. 12. E. H. Crump to R. M. McKay, 4 March 1948, E. H. Crump Collection, Memphis Public Library and Information Center. 13. Robert H. Ferrell, ed., Off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman (New York: Harper and Row, 1980), 80. 14. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 2 March 1948; New York Times, 2 March 1948. 15. E. E. Keller to E. H. Crump, 3 March 1948, Crump Collection. 16. Charles D. Jones to E. H. Crump, 29 April 1948, Crump Collection. 17. E. H. Crump to R. M. McKay, 4 March 1948, Crump Collection. 18. Ibid. 19. Ibid. 20. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 10 and 11 May 1948. 21. Ibid. 22. Ibid., 10 May 1948. 23. Evelyn Humphreys to James Roosevelt, 4 July 1948, Crump Collection; Memphis Commercial Appeal, 22 June 1948. 24. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 11 July 1948. 25. Alonzo L. Hamby, Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 446. 26. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 14 July 1948. 27. Ibid., 15 July 1948. 28. Ibid., 18 July 1948. 29. Gardner, Harry Truman and Civil Rights, 105–11. 30. Ibid., 111–21.  JKPAO 31. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 23 June 1948. 32. Ibid., 22 and 25 June 1948. 33. Ibid., 2 August 1976; Memphis Press-Scimitar, 2 August 1976. 34. G. Wayne Dowdy, Mayor Crump Don’t Like It: Machine Politics in Memphis (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2006), 49–50. 35. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 2 August 1976. 36. Ibid., 22 June 1948. 37. Ibid., 24 June 1948. 38. Ibid., 25 June 1948. 39. William D. Miller, Mr. Crump of Memphis (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964), 323. 40. E. H. Crump to S. J. McCallie, 5 March 1948, Crump Collection. 41. Allen H. Kitchens, “Political Upheavals in Tennessee: Boss Crump and the Senatorial Election of 1948,” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 16 (1962): 111. 42. Joseph Bruce Gorman, Kefauver: A Political Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1971), 37; “Announcement of Candidacy of Estes Kefauver. . . ,” n.d., Crump Collection. 43. Gorman, Kefauver: A Political Biography, 31–32. 44. Ibid., 38. 45. Clifford Davis to William Gerber, 2 February 1948, Crump Collection. 46. E. H. Crump to S. J. McCallie, 5 March 1948, Crump Collection. 47. Clifford Davis to E. H. Crump, 19 April 1948, Crump Collection. 48. Evelyn Humphries to John A. Mitchell, 31 May 1948, Crump Collection. 49. S. J. McCallie to E. H. Crump, 28 February 1948, Crump Collection. 50. Note on the 1948 Democratic Primary, n. d., Crump Collection. 51. Thomason, “The Three Ed’s: Memphis in 1948,” 154. 52. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 4 June 1948. 53. Ibid. 54. Clark Porteous, “The Two Eds of Memphis—Meeman and Crump,” West Tennessee Historical Society Papers 45 (1991): 145. 55. E. H. Crump to Edward J. Meeman, 8 December 1943, Crump Collection. 56. Porteous, “The Two Eds of Memphis,” 143. 57. Political advertisement, “Liars Will Steal,” 1 July 1947, Crump Collection. 58. Porteous, “The Two Eds of Memphis,” 143. 59. Memphis Commercial Appeal, 5 March 1943. 60. David M. Tucker, Memphis since Crump: Bossism, Blacks, and Civic Reformers , 1948–1968 (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1980), 41. 61. Clarence K. Streit, Union Now: A Proposal for a Federal Union of the Leading Democracies (New York: Harper and Brothers Publishers, 1938), 6–7. 62. Dowdy, Mayor Crump Don’t Like It, 93–98. 63. Joe Walk, A History of African-Americans in Memphis Government (Memphis , 1996), 12–14, 18–21. 64. Ibid., 27–28. 65. Dowdy, Mayor Crump Don’t Like It. 66. Memphis...

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