Blind over Cuba: The Photo Gap and the Missile Crisis

Index

203 Index Abel, Elie, 70, 121–22, 124–27 Absher, Kenneth M., 119, 142 Acheson, Dean, 121 Air Force, 18–20, 80, 86, 100, 106, 125; competition with the CIA over piloting of U-2s, 154n111, 175n67 Allen, Robert, 74, 103–104 Allison, Graham, 25, 125–27, 129, 138, 184n35 al-Qai’da, 116 Alsop, Joseph, 34–35 Alsop, Stewart, 34, 38, 55, 57 Alterman, Eric, 140, 182n3 American Heritage, 127 Anticipating Surprise (Grabo), 140 Appropriations Committee, House, 64–67, 77, 93; CIA Subcommittee, 18, 62; Defense Subcommittee, 58, 62, 80, 93 Appropriations Committee, Senate, 103; CIA Subcommittee, 101, 180n11 Arends, Les, 60 Argentina, 74 Armed Services Committee, House, 59–61; CIA Subcommittee, 61 Armed Services Committee, Senate, 12, 32, 68, 80, 100–101, 103; CIA Subcommittee , 19, 70, 100–101, 180n11; Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee (SPIS), 71, 92; as viewed by the administration, 85, 109; hearings held by, 72–74, 86, 95–98, 101–104, 106, 111, 112; history of, 68–69; investigation by, 72–75, 80–81, 101; Interim Report of, 97, 99, 102–12, 114, 117, 182n54; staff of, 82–85, 96, 101–102, 108, 110–11 Army, 94 Army magazine, 74 Arnold, Joseph C., 128 Artime, Manuel, 72 Associated Press, 35, 66 Atomic Energy Commission, 2, 3, 47 Baldwin, Hanson, 33, 35, 79, 93 Ball, George, 4, 67, 77, 79, 82, 84, 109, 121, 128–29, 131, 146n5, 172n30 Bartlett, Charles, 38, 55, 122 Bay of Pigs, 1–3, 8, 14, 22–23, 47, 55, 58, 72, 87, 104, 112, 113, 177n31 Berlin, 1, 4, 23, 24, 30 Bernstein, Barton J., 27, 184n35 Beschloss, Michael, 132 Blight, James, 131, 134, 137 Board of National Estimates, 5, 150n61 Bohlen, Charles, 5 Bolton, Frances, 77 bomber aircraft, Soviet (IL-28s), 18, 26, 31, 56 Bowles, Chester, 22–23 Breitweiser, Robert, 86–87 Bridges, Styles, 100–101 Brink, The (Detzer), 128 Brugioni, Dino, 132, 134, 139–41 index 204 Bundy, McGeorge, 7–9, 12, 14, 27–29, 36–39, 41–42, 51, 56–57, 59, 64, 75, 78–79, 82–85, 87–91, 94–95, 97–98, 104, 109, 113–14, 117, 121–22, 124, 126, 128–32, 136–37, 141, 145n4; denial of photo gap, 78–79, 131; suspicions of the CIA, 7–8; views of McCone, 12, 173n49 Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), 30–31, 43–45, 77, 98, 115, 123 Burnham, James, 35–36 Cannon, Clarence, 18 Carroll, Joseph, 62–67, 72, 77–78, 94, 125 Carter, Marshall “Pat,” 6–9, 11–12, 18–19, 25, 32, 45, 75, 78, 161n3 Castro, Fidel, 1, 13, 22–23, 26–27, 55, 74, 84, 93, 98, 104, 107, 127, 134, 145n4; U.S. plots against, 1, 4, 13, 23, 127, 145n2 Central Intelligence Agency, 2–4, 6, 13, 18, 21, 41–42, 44–45, 51–52, 88, 92–93, 97, 101–104, 106, 108, 110; agent reports about missiles in Cuba, 150nn60–61, 152n88; covert operations of, 72, 98; estimates by, 73, 115; history of, 3, 4, 132; human intelligence activities of, 10–11, 14–16; Office of Current Intelligence, 40; Office of National Estimates, 10, 16, 142; Office of Scientific Intelligence, 44; Office of Special Activities, 6–7, 16, 144; photo intelligence’s value in Missile Crisis, 27; relations with JFK, 8, 110; reputation of, 44; Task Force W, 15–16 Chayes, Abram, 126 Childs, Marquis, 71, 88–90 China, People’s Republic of, 7, 60, 122, 188 China, Republic of, 7, 22 Church Committee, 1 Clapper, Peter, 106 Cleveland Plain Dealer, 65 Clifford, Clark M., 37, 47–52, 132, 164n41; as head of PFIAB, 47; photo gap, views on, 47; rivalry with McCone, 47, 49–50 Cline, Ray, 27 Cold War, 21, 22, 26, 68, 131 Committee on Overhead Reconnaissance (COMOR), 7–9, 14–15, 17, 37, 42, 44, 62, 121–22, 125, 126–28, 134, 138, 168n46 congressional oversight: early history of the CIA and, 147n17; general references to, 114 congressional testimony: administration concerns about, 82–84; clearance procedures for, 78, 84–87, 94, 99, 100 Congress, U.S., 16, 32, 53; Cuban exiles and, 10; history of, neglected by scholars , ix; leadership of, 29, 32–33, 56 Cordier ploy, 156n16 Cramer, William, 77 Crisis Years, The (Beschloss),132 Cuba: blockade/quarantine of, 25, 27, 39, 69; Guanajay, 30; Havana, 10; history of, 124; as issue in U.S., 9, 22–23, 54, 87; San Cristóbal, 10, 15, 17, 30, 64, 65, 80, 134; threat posed by, 92, 103, 114, 174n54; U.S. policies...