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      During the course of the excavation of the eleventhcentury A.D. shipwreck at Serçe Limanı, broken pottery was observed scattered on the slope above the wreck site as well as beneath the ship’s hull remains. This pottery, examined in passing, did not represent a single time or culture and was distributed without apparent pattern. Bass and van Doorninck realized that an examination of the disparate material could yield an archaeological record of the use of the harbor, and they asked if I would undertake a seabed survey in  to derive the history of the anchorage. The area surveyed was delimited on its southern side by a ridge that extends underwater several tens of meters toward the center of the bay (Fig. -). North of the ridge, the shoreline curves back convexly toward the dog-leg farther into the harbor. It was from this curving shoreline that, assisted by Donald Frey, I surveyed the sloping harbor floor, from the ridge into the harbor, for  m. That this area was used as an anchorage in antiquity is testified by the number of anchors recovered: a stone anchor, a stone anchor stock, and two metal anchors. In at least one case, the location of the anchor serves to identify the spot at which the ship that lost it was anchored. A limestone rock-anchor of common Mediterranean type (AS ) was found near the bow anchor of the Ünlüoğlu, the expedition supply boat. The Ünlüoğlu was moored at the edge of our camp some  m beyond the ridge, to the north. It is probable that in antiquity another ship anchored in this same chapter 4 An Archaeological History of the Anchorage Dorothy Slane Illustrated by Selma Agär spot and, perhaps, lost its anchor when an unexpected wind arose from the back of the harbor. The stone stock of uncertain date (AS , not cataloged below) and one of the metal anchors were found adjacent to the bow anchor of INA’s research vessel Virazon when it was anchored over the Hellenistic wreck located at the base of the landslide in the recess near the mouth of the harbor (Fig. -).1 The second metal one-piece anchor was found concreted to the in-harbor side of the ridge. As the presence of the eleventh-century wreck was the catalyst for the anchorage survey, the wreck’s metal excavation grid served as the base for a survey grid. To the south, the ridge mentioned above runs in an east-west direction dividing the harbor in two on its eastern side. This ridge served as the southern boundary of the survey area. The northern boundary was more difficult to choose, as neither a natural nor an archaeological landmark occurs at a convenient distance from the ridge; the sloping floor, in this direction, becomes less rocky and simply flattens out into a sandy bottom. I set the northern boundary along this sandy bottom at a distance of  m from the bow of the eleventh-century wreck. Equally difficult to determine was the eastern boundary, closest to land. It would have been possible to extend the survey area up to the shore. This, however, not only would have interfered with the excavation in progress, but also would have brought us into an area of intense surface disturbance. #   ,  ,    Therefore, we extended the area only  m up the slope from the excavation grid, halting the survey some  m from the shore, at a depth of – m. Where the eleventh-century shipwreck came to rest, the slope ends and the sea floor becomes more or less flat, bringing to rest objects that traveled down the slope from shallower depths. During the course of the wreck’s excavation, we encountered artifacts beneath its hull remains that could not have belonged to the ship; this suggested that similar finds would be made on either side of these remains. It was necessary , therefore, to extend the western boundary down the slope  m west of the originally planned boundary. The area thus delineated measured  by  m, with the short sides lying to the east and west. After delineation of the survey area, Frey and I anchored a grid over the part of the slope we would survey. We measured out eight lengths of white cord to exceed the  m extent of the area. We then marked each of these cords every  m with numbered tags designating the distance from the excavation grid that lay over the eleventh...

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