The African Texans

Notes

▼▼▼  Notes  .        . Rolena Adorno and Patrick Charles Pautz, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca: His Account, His Life, and the Expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez, vol.  (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, ), pp. –, –. . Alwyn Barr, Black Texans: The History of African Americans in Texas, – , d ed.(Norman: University of Oklahoma Press,),pp.–; Jack Jackson,Los Mesteños: Spanish Ranching in Texas, – (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, ), p. . . Barr, Black Texans, pp. –.  .        . Barr, Black Texans, p. ; B. A. Botkin, Lay My Burden Down: A Folk History of Slavery (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ), p. . . Randolph Campbell,An Empire for Slavery:The Peculiar Institution in Texas, – (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ) is the basis for this general account of slavery and slave roles in Texas. . John Michael Vlach, By the Work of Their Hands: Studies in Afro-American Folklife (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, ), p. . Most of the quotations are from slave accounts that also may be seen in George P. Rawick, The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, –). Some also appear in Ron Tyler and Lawrence R. Murphy, eds., The Slave Narratives of Texas (Austin: Encino Press, ). . Terry G.Jordan, Texas Log Buildings: A Folk Architecture (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), p. . . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, pp. –. . Vlach, By the Work of Their Hands, p. . . Ibid., p. . . Ibid., pp. –. . Ibid., pp. –; T. Lindsay Baker and Julie P. Baker, eds., Till Freedom Cried Out: Memories of Texas Slave Life (College Station: TexasA&M University Press,), p. . ▼▼▼  . Vlach,By the Work of Their Hands, pp. –; Baker and Baker, Till Freedom Cried Out, p. . . Vlach,By theWork of Their Hands, pp.–; Karoline Patterson Bresenhan and Nancy O’Bryant Puentes,Lone Stars: A Legacy of Texas Quilts, – (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), pp. –. . Vlach, By the Work of Their Hands, pp. –. . Ibid., pp. –. . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, p. ; Sara R. Massey, ed., Black Cowboys of Texas (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, ), pp. –. . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, p. . . Ibid., pp. –. . Ibid., pp. –; quote on page . . Terry G. Jordan, Texas Graveyards: A Cultural Legacy (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), pp. –, . . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, pp. –. . Barr, Black Texans, p. . . Roger D. Abrahams, Singing the Master: The Emergence of African-American Culture in the Plantation South (New York: Pantheon Books, ); quotes from pp. xxiv, , , , . . Ruthe Winegarten, Black Texas Women: A Sourcebook: Documents, Biographies , Timeline (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), p. . . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, pp. , –. . Ernest Wallace, David M. Vigness, and George B. Ward, eds., Documents of Texas History, d ed. (Austin: State House Press, ), p. . . Campbell, Empire for Slavery, pp. –; quote on page .  .    . Alwyn Barr,“Black Legislators of Reconstruction Texas,” Civil War History  (Dec.,): –; Merline Pitre, Through Many Dangers,Toils and Snares: Black Leadership in Texas, – (Austin: Eakin Press, ). . Texas Historical Commission,African Americans in Texas: Historical & Cultural Legacies (Austin: Texas Historical Commission, ), pp. , , , ; Ron Tyler and Douglas E. Barnett, eds., The New Handbook of Texas, vol.  (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, ), p. . . Alwyn Barr, “Black Migration into Southwestern Cities, –,” in Essays on Southern History: Written in Honor of Barnes F. Lathrop, edited by Gary W. Gallagher, – (Austin: The General Libraries, The University of Texas, ). . Texas Historical Commission, African Americans in Texas, pp. , , . . Barr, Black Texans, pp. –. . Randolph Campbell, Grass-Roots Reconstruction in Texas, – (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, ), p. . Notes to pages – ▼▼▼  . Rebecca Sharpless, Fertile Ground, Narrow Choices: Women on Texas Cotton Farms, – (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press,),pp. ,, –. . Massey, Black Cowboys of Texas, pp. , , –, –. . Ibid., pp. –, , –, –. . Ibid., pp. –, –, –. . Ibid., pp. –. . Ibid., pp. –. . Frank N. Schubert, Black Valor: Buffalo Soldiers and the Medal of Honor, – (Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources Inc., ), pp. –. . Kevin Mulroy, Freedom on the Border: The Seminole Maroons in Florida, the Indian Territory, Coahuila, and Texas (Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press, ), pp. , –; Schubert, Black Valor, pp. –. . Texas Historical Commission, African Americans in Texas, pp. , . . James Smallwood, Time of Hope, Time of Despair: Black Texans during Reconstruction (Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, ), pp. –; Ruthe Winegarten, Black Texas Women:  Years of Trial and Triumph (Austin: University of Texas Press, ), pp. –. . Patricia Smith Prather and Jane Clements Monday, From Slave to Statesman : The Legacy of Joshua Houston, Servant to Sam Houston (Denton: University of North Texas Press, ), pp. –. . Smallwood, Time of Hope, Time of Despair, pp. –; Winegarten, Black Texas Women, pp. –. . Sharpless, Fertile Ground, Narrow Choices, pp. –, , –. . Smallwood, Time of Hope, Time of Despair, pp. , . . Massey, Black Cowboys of Texas, pp. –. . Clyde McQueen,Black Churches in Texas: A...