Notes
215 NOTES INTRODUCTION 1. Robert Coakley, American Military History, “Chapter 23: World War II: The War Against Japan” (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1988), 503. 2. According to Edward M. Coffman, 87.2 percent of the army and 74.3 percent of the marines had served for less than a year. In fact, the marine brigade was three times the size of the entire Marine Corps a little more than a decade before. See: Edward Coffman, The War to End All Wars: The American Military Experience in World War I (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1998), 151–52. 3. Edgar Raines, “The Army-Marine Corps Relationship,” Center of Military History Information Paper, 8 September 2009. 4. Robert Mitchler, “Heroes—Drafted or Volunteer—Are Made, Not Born,” Leatherneck , 30 January 2009. 5. Tinian and Guam are not covered because these were merely follow-on operation to Saipan; Leyte is not covered because this operation was not in the Central Pacific and was under MacArthur as opposed to Nimitz and thus had a different planning staff. CHAPTER 1 Guadalcanal: The Ad Hoc Operation 1. Russel Reeder, “Notes on Jungle Warfare from the U.S .Marines and U.S. Infantry on Guadalcanal Island,” 2 December 1942, Guadalcanal Collection, Marine Corps Archives, Quantico, VA. Hereafter Guadalcanal Collection USMC. 2. Grace Person Hayes, The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in World War II: The War Against Japan (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1982), 99. 3. Louis Morton, United States Army in World War II: War in the Pacific: Strategy and Command: The First Two Years (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1962), 289–95. Hereafter Strategy and Command. 4. Rabaul housed Japanese army and navy command, had an airfield and good port system. Memorandum, George Marshall to POTUS, “The Pacific Theater versus ‘Bolero,’” 6 May 1942, George Marshall Papers, G. C. Marshall Research Library, Lexington , VA. This topic is also covered in Morton, Strategy and Command, 289–95, and Maurice Matloff and Edwin Snell, United States Army in World War II: Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941–1942 (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1952), 240–63. 216 Pacific Blitzkrieg: World War II in the Central Pacific 5. Morton, Strategy and Command, 294. 6. Memorandum, Ernest King to Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 5 March 1942, National Archives, RG 38. 7. Richard Sutherland and DeWitt Peck, “Guadalcanal Combat Observations,” [undated]. Guadalcanal Collection USMC. 8. John Miller, Jr., United States Army in World War II: War in the Pacific: Guadalcanal : The First Offensive (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1949), 14–17, and Frank Hough, Verge E. Ludwig and Henry I. Shaw, History of Marine Corps Operations in World War II, Volume I: Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal (Washington, DC: U.S. Marine Corps, 1958), 239–42. Hereafter Pearl Harbor to Guadalcanal. 9. Memorandum, Ernest King to George Marshall, “Offensive Operations in the South and Southwest Pacific Area,” 25 June 1942, National Archives, RG 38. 10. Richard B. Frank, Guadalcanal: The Definitive Account of the Landmark Battle (New York: Penguin, 1992), 33. 11. Morton, Strategy and Command, 300–1. No evidence has ever come to light of the larger conspiracy MacArthur alleged. 12. Memorandum, George Marshall to Ernest King, “Offensive Operations in the South and Southwest Pacific Areas,” 26 June 1942, Marshall Papers. 13. Memorandum, Ernest King to George Marshall, “Offensive Operations in the South and Southwest Pacific Areas, 26 June 1942,” National Archives, RG 38. 14. Memorandum, George Marshall to Ernest King, 29 June 1942, Marshall Papers. Notes by Sutherland and Peck indicate that MacArthur might have threatened to withhold air support and that in regards to “flight assistance, etc. no help up to Guadal[canal] save to fly Twining and McKean.” However, this is not been corroborated anywhere else. 15. Memorandum, George Marshall, “Memorandum for Higher Commanders,” 11 September 1942, Marshall Papers. This memorandum, which also covered conduct with Allies and government officials, was sent to the War Department assistant chiefs of staff, commanding generals of the Army Air Forces Army, Army Ground Forces, and Services of Supply as well as all commanders down to the division level. 16. Sutherland and Peck observations. 17. William L. McGee, The Solomons Campaigns 1942–1943 from Guadalcanal to Bougainville—Pacific War Turning Point, Volume 2 (Amphibious Operations in the South Pacific World War II) (Santa Barbara, CA: BMC Publications, 2002), XLIII. See also Morton, Strategy and Command; and Hayes manuscript. 18. Hayes, Joint Chiefs, 99. 19. “Young” was a relative term as Ghormley was in his late...
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