Cataclysm: General Hap Arnold and the Defeat of Japan

Index

Index 275 -Aaerial mining campaign, 180–82, 203, 220 aeronautical science, 233, 237 Air Board, 28 Air Corps, 25, 33–34 Air Corps Materiel Division, 78 Air Corps Tactical School and attacks on enemy morale, 5, 15–17, 21–23, 25–27, 29, 212, 227–28 Douhet’s influence on, 17–19 emphasis on offensive air warfare, 29 and European conflicts, 27–28 evolution of doctrine, 15–16 precision bombing doctrine of, 52 selective bombing doctrine of, 67 on vital centers, 17 airfields, 85, 86, 88. See also bases Air Force (ACTS), 17 “Air Plan for the Defeat of Japan,” 68, 81 Air War Plans Division AWPD-1, 29, 41, 107 AWPD-42, 107 Aleutian islands, 80, 93, 97 Allen, Edmund T., 79 Allied Forces and bases, 22, 27 casualty estimates for, 50 and Japanese atrocities, 50 objectives of, 81 and Potsdam Declaration, 174 See also specific nations altitude records, 23 Amano, Masakazu, 185 American-British talks in Washington (ABC-1), 41, 57, 61 Anami, Korechika, 192, 193, 194 276 Cataclysm Andrews, Frank M., 22, 25 Arcadia Conference, 41, 42 area bombing adoption of, 210 effectiveness of, 27, 179 and industrial targets, 119, 133 and MacArthur, 158 public opinion on, 27 and scarcity of target data, 208, 229 targeting civilian morale, 133, 179 See also strategic bombing ARGONAUT, 73 Army. See U.S. Army Army Air Corp, 30 Army Air Forces (AAF) and Allies’ aircraft requirements, 37 authority over, 43 and bombardment/blockades strategy, 71 and command structure, 100 and criticism of B-29 campaign, 86 and development of B-29s, 77 doctrine of, 54, 100, 208 dogmatism of, 118 functions and status of, 41, 43 and invasion of Japan, 7, 154 and King, 94 and Marshall, 152 and Navy, 41, 43, 45, 100, 161, 181 need for, 46 and postwar defense organization , 211 and production of aircraft, 48 and strategic plan for Japan, 72, 73–74, 216 and surrender of Japan, 224–25 The Army Air Forces in World War II (Craven and Cate), 108–9 Army Industrial College, 25 Army Staff College at Fort Leavenworth , 24 Arnold, Henry H. (Hap) awards and records of, 23–24, 25 career of, 4, 25, 37 determination of, 8, 122–23 diaries and memoirs of, 6, 54 education of, 23 fear of flying, 25 flexibility of, 209–10, 231–32 flying skills of, 23 health of, 111, 120, 121, 125, 127, 128, 136, 151 historical perceptions of, 233–34 idealism of, 234, 235 impatience of, 23, 101, 106, 109, 122, 210, 212, 229 management style of, 108 and postwar analysis, 227–28 and postwar defense organization , 225–26, 231–32 and public opinion, 104, 130, 212–13, 238 strengths and weaknesses of, 229 and technological advances, 21, 231–38 upbringing of, 23 Asano, Ryozo, 220 Ashworth, F. L., 189–90 atomic bombs and B-29s, 169, 170 and casualties, 177, 188, 190, 206 contrasted with conventional bombs, 218 controversy surrounding, 206 and the “cost of destruction,” 234 deployment of, 186–87, 189–90 and deterrence, 235–36 effects of, 188, 190, 194 and Einstein’s letter to Roosevelt, 167–68 Hansell on, 118–19 Index 277 impact on military aviation, 232–33 initiation of, 168–69 and invasion of Japan, 118, 176–77 and Kyushu invasion, 175, 186 MacArthur on, 176, 201–2 military agreement with, 171 opposition to, 77–78, 176–77 orders for, 176 as political weapons, 118–19, 177 and postwar defense organization , 226 and Potsdam meeting, 167, 171–72, 174, 177, 217 and precision bombing doctrine, 16 prior demonstrations of, 191 psychological effects of, 195, 198 reaction of Arnold to, 77–78, 171–72 research of Axis Powers, 168–69, 196 and role of air power, 6 and Roosevelt, 54, 167–68, 205–6 and Soviet Union, 119 statement on detonation of, 187–88 and strategic air power, 217–18 and surrender of Japan, 188, 196, 198, 199, 200, 205, 206, 219, 221 and target selection, 169, 175, 176 testing of, 173–74, 175 and Truman, 163, 167, 171, 172– 73, 176, 187–88, 201, 205–6 and Twentieth Air Force, 203, 217–18, 234 Attlee, Clement, 234 attrition of aircraft, 29 A-26s, 182 Australia, 43, 81 AWPD-1, 29, 41, 107 AWPD-42, 107 Axis Powers, 21, 48, 53, 65. See also Germany; Italy; Japan -Bballistic missiles, 236 Bangkok, Thailand, 86 Baruch, Bernard, 168 bases and “Air Plan for the Defeat of Japan,” 69 and allies, 22, 27 in China, 68, 70–71, 73, 80, 82...