The Legacy of American Copper Smelting: Industrial Heritage versus Environmental Policy

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments This project was the culmination of the first Michigan Technological University (MTU) dissertation in industrial heritage and archaeology, a unique multidisciplinary program dedicated to exploring and understanding the social, cultural, and physical remains of industrial societies. MTU and the social sciences department provided a collegial and engaging academic atmosphere and many of those dedicated Yoopers deserve thanks for their help in the dissertation process. Karen Aho and Gina Stevens made the many administrative forays inside and outside of the department seamless and painless. Bruce Seely, as department head for three of my four PhD years, then dean of sciences and arts, thoroughly encouraged and supported the pursuit of this new PhD. Larry Lankton was always open for a discussion about local history and provided prepublication access to his latest book on Michigan mining; Carol McLennan sat on my exam committee and shared, encouraged, and directed my interests in the aftereffects of mining. Patrick Martin, social sciences department head my last year, secretary of the Society for Industrial Archeology, president of The International Committee for the Conservation of the Industrial Heritage, and member of my dissertation committee, supported, encouraged, and enlivened academic and extra-academic pursuits, and provided important guidance and insights into the field of industrial archeology and heritage. Susan Martin, who sat on both my MTU masters (1995) and PhD committees, encouraged and supported my work at every level and always provided new, meaningful , and stimulating insights into whatever project I had questions or doubts about. Terry Reynolds, as advisor and chair of both my masters and PhD graduate committees, provided meaningful guidance for researching and Acknowledgments xii writing large and small historical works, was always available to discuss research direction, thesis complications, funding options, and writing style— and was always supportive of departmental goals and activities. It is, of course, difficult to acknowledge everyone else who helped, encouraged, or supported this project, but several key people and institutions deserve recognition and thanks, especially the archives, repositories, and museums I visited. Ken Rush, the Ducktown Basin Museum director, provided invaluable local heritage insights, documents, and photographs of the Tennessee copper industry. Ellen Crain and Lee Whitney of the ButteSilver Bow Archives provided key direction and access to their Montana collections , important contacts in the state, and important insights into the history and heritage of their community. The Michigan Technological University Archives and Copper Country Historical Collection archivists Erik Nordberg and Julie Blair provided guided access into the MTU collections as well as key insights and engaging discussions about regional mining and tourism history. The several libraries and institutions that maintained regional Superfund public repositories included the Ducktown, Tennessee, City Hall; the Montana Tech Library in Butte, Montana; and the Portage Lake Public Library in Houghton, Michigan. Helpful federal document collections included the EPA Montana Superfund office in Helena, Montana, the EPA Region 8 library in Denver, and the National Park Service Technical Information Center in Denver. Several individuals also provided meaningful insights and discussions about their work and their respective communities. I would like to thank Sara Sparks of the EPA in Butte, Brian Shovers of the Montana State Library, Lori Hallauer of the EPA office in Helena, Jim Corless, former superintendant of the Keweenaw National Historical Park, Fred Quivik of Michigan Technological University, Paul White of the University of Alaska, Anchorage, and John Sesso and Chuck Carrig of Butte-Silver Bow County for their helpful direction and insights. I would also like to thank the Americana Foundation for its financial support for the dissertation, the National Science Foundation for financial and travel support, the Michigan Technological University Graduate School for financial support, and the social sciences department for financial, administrative , and travel support. Further, I would like to thank the University of Acknowledgments xiii Tennessee Press for encouraging this publication and the internal editors and outside reviewers who provided meaningful insights into content and format. Lastly, I’d like to thank my family, especially my parents, Pat and Glen Morin, for their encouragement and support, and the former Deborah Haddrill for her enduring patience, encouragement, and good humor over the years I worked on my dissertation, and the now Deborah Morin for her continued support and good humor as I worked that dissertation into this book. ...