Language in Hand: Why Sign Came Before Speech

Index

Index Allan, Keith, 180, 181, 182, 188, 189 alternate sign languages, 14, 29, 164-68, 175, 178. See also Assiniboine people American School for the Deaf, 155 American Sign Language, 12-13, 51,61, 128; classifiers in, 18084 ; dictionary of, 6, 59-60; facial expression in, 72, 73-74; head movements in, 72-73; as influence on other sign languages, 154; lexical borrowing in, 157-58, 159-61; morphemes in, 180-81; nounverb distinctions in, 65-66; translation of, 111; verb structure in, 182-84 Amman, Johann Conrad, 53, 194-95, 199 Armstrong, David, 25 Assiniboine people, 14, 30, 62, 127, 129, 168-70 Australia, sign language in, 1415 , 164, 166-68 autism, and language acquisition, 88-92, 199-200 Baden-Powell, Robert, 170 Bateson, Gregory, 136-37, 139 Battison, Robbin, 158, 160, 17273 , 174 Beaken, Mike, 100-1, 104 223 Bede, Saint, 55-56 Boas, Franz, 28-29, 58, 64 body language, 61-62 Brace, C. Loring, 25 Braille, Louis, 38 Cairns-Smith, Graham, 62 Calvin, William, 50 Carroll, Lewis, 18 Cartesian philosophy. See Descartes, Rene Casterline, Dorothy Sueoka, 6, 59 Center for Applied Linguistics, 8 chimpanzees, gestural communication among, 13, 81, 85 Chomsky, Noam, 28, 33-34, 58, 76,79-80,84,111 Clark, Andy, 111-12, 197 Clark, Herbert H., 96-100 classifiers, 109, 180-85; categories of, 184-85; indicating color, 185-88; defined, 180; for nouns, 188-91; for verb structure, 182-84 Clerc, Laurent, 154, 155, 159, 194-95 cognition and language, 78-81, 200-1 color, 185-88 Croneberg, Carl, 6, 59 Darwin, Charles, 22, 54-55, 62, 113, 114 224 day care, 199 Deaf culture, 157 deaf people: differing views of, 4, 53, 56-57; education of, 2-4, 52-53, 56-57, 155-57, 194201 DeLancey, Scott, 15 Descartes, Rene, 18, 24, 62, 78, 87-88, 127, 129 Detmold, George, 6 A Dictionary oj American Sign Lanuage on Linguistic Pril1ciples (Stokoe, Casterline, and Croneberg), 59-60 education, deaf, 2-4, 52-53, 5657 , 155-57; and gestural theory of language, 194-201 Epee, Abbe Charles Michel de 1', 52,56,57,155,165,195 Farnell, Brenda, 14,30,62, 122, 127,128,168-70,172 Feldman, Heidi, 33 fingerspelling, 158-59 form-meaning pairs, 18, 19 Fouts, Roger, 88-92, 200 French Sign Lanaguage, 154 Furth, Hans, 52 Gallaudet, Edward Miner, 170 Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 53, 155 Gallaudet University, 3-4, 53 gender and language, 120-22 gesture: in infants, 31-32, 35-36; as language signs, 84-85; meaning attached to, 84, 96, 110-14,131-32,176-80,199; Il1dex as origin oflanguage, 20-22, 23-28,85-88, 100-2, 193201 ; as precursor of speech, 16,116-17,124,125-26, 129-30, 135-36, 140-41, 168-70, 179, 198; and social organization, 81-82, 107-8; and spoken language, 40, 55, 62-63, 130, 126-27, 137-41, 174-75. See also signing glottochronology, 148 Goldin-Meadow, Susan, 32-33, 34, 35 grammar, generative-transformational , 79-80, 111 Hall, Edward T., 157 Hall, Percival, 40 Hall, Robert A., 7 hand-arm nl0vement, human, 104-5; as representation, 1057 , 108-9, 123 hands: human as distinguished from chimpanees, 86; as means of communication, 34, 36, 38, 44-45. See also gesture; manualism Hamad, Stevan, 25 Heinicke, Samuel, 53, 57 Hertz, Heinrich, 78 Hewes, Gordon W., 24-25, 15455 Hippocrates, 67 Hockett, Charles, 25, 151, 152 Holt, John, 197 Hymes, Dell, 153 iconicity, 66 icons, 10,67,68,72,74 indexes, 10, 68, 71, 72, 74 infants: gestural communication among, 31-32, 35-36; language growth in, 47, 50-51, 93, 96, 100 Iverson, Jana, 16, 91, 198 Jordan, I. King, 172-73, 174 Kangobai, 70-71, 188 Kendon, Adam, 14,29, 126-27, 164,166,172,175,179 King, Barbara, 121, 133 Kingdon, Jonathan, 100-1, 104, 149 Kinsbourne, Marcel, 80-81, 1067 ,111-12 Klamath language, 15, 179-80 Kuschel, Rolf, 70-71, 188 Lancaster, Jane, 25 Lane, Harlan, 194 language: acquired by autistic children, 88-92; the body's role in, 37-39; and cognition, 78-81,200-1; and culture, 59, 199; definitions of, 59, 61-62, 69-70; among early humans, 12, 43-44, 46-47, 81-85, 91, 100-101, 102, 105-6, 135, 136-37, 149, 151, 201; and gender, 120-22; history of, 147-50; and imagination, 123; in infants, 47, 50-51, 93, 96, 100; and instinct...