Notes
Notes 232 Notes to Chapter 1 1 Breastfeeding for long periods of time often has a contraceptive effect, thereby increasing the spacing between children and affecting the total birth rate. Prentice et al. (1988) suggest that Aboriginal women on average had three or four children, which may have been helpful in groups that were highly mobile. 2 “The nursing bottle is the real cause of excess mortality of newborns in summer. The real remedy, the only remedy, is breastfeeding” (Lachapelle, quoted in Thornton and Olson 2001). Notes to Chapter 3 1 MacMurchy attributed this phrase to the Right Honorable John Burns, who made this statement at the first conference on infant mortality in London. 2 Birth registration was vital to child welfare efforts: if births were not registered promptly, babies might not be seen until it was too late to help with any health problems the baby (or mother) had. Notes to Chapter 4 1 The Division of Child Welfare was formed in 1919 and was closed in 1934. In 1937, the Division of Child and Maternal Hygiene was formed (Lewis and Watson 1991/92). 2 The term “infant soldier” is found in the 1923 edition of The Canadian Mother’s Book, page 68. 3 The department included both in-patient and outpatient services. Among other things, it comprised a pasteurizing plant and milk-modifying laboratory, which produced 150 milk modifications per day. Notes to Chapter 5 1 “Pablum” is a corruption of the Latin pabulum, which means “food” or “nourishment.” 2 Chatelaine was first published in 1928 and has enjoyed a wide readership throughout its history. It was distributed to 12,270 individuals in 1920. In 1939 it was distributed to 22,285 in British Columbia alone (N.L. Lewis 1982–83). 233 Notes Notes to Chapter 6 1 The 1953 The Canadian Mother and Child was slightly more conservative, suggesting the gradual introduction of solids at ten weeks. 2 Between 1945 and 1958, the average circulation for Chatelaine ranged from 250,000 to 450,000. Notes to Chapter 7 1 From a taped recording of the conference session “Affirming Our Beliefs: Differences in Leaders’ Perceptions of La Leche League Philosophy,” National Conference, La Leche League of Canada, Ottawa, June 1986. 2 This group had formed in 1955 to study infant malnutrition in less industrialized nations. 3 Note that these surveys were conducted at slightly different times, used different methods, and focused on different regions, which may explain the range in initiation rates observed. Notes to Chapter 9 1 Infant formula manufacturers acknowledged that breastfeeding was superior to formula but used its nutritional and immunological benefits to argue for the acceptability of infant formula. 2 Enfalac had 39 percent of the $175-million market share, while Similac had 37 percent (Canadian Press Newswire 1996). ...
OR
