Faithful Bodies: Performing Religion and Race in the Puritan Atlantic

Notes

Notes Abbreviations BCR Bermuda Colony Records, Bermuda Archives BW Book of Wills, Bermuda Archives Hist. Deerfield Historic Deerfield Library, Deerfield, Mass. Mass. Recs. Nathaniel B. Shurtleff, ed., Records of the Governor and Company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England MHS Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston RICR John Russell Bartlett, ed., Records of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations in New England WMQ William and Mary Quarterly Introduction 1. Mrozowski, Herbster, et al., “Magunkaquog Materiality.” 2. See chapter 8 of this volume. 3. On Natives and Europeans in the Northeast, see Greer, Mohawk Saint; Silverman , Faith and Boundaries; Little, Abraham in Arms; E. Anderson, Betrayal of Faith; Rachel Wheeler, To Live Upon Hope; Silverman, Red Brethren; Richard A. Bailey, Race and Redemption; Romero, Making War; Rice, “Reviving Manhood”; and Fisher, Indian Great Awakening. In the Great Lakes region, see Sleeper-Smith, Indian Women and French Men; Leavelle, Catholic Calumet; and Witgen, An Infinity of Nations. On West and West Central Africans and Europeans in the Atlantic world, see V. Brown, Reaper’s Garden; Thornton and Heywood, Central Africans; and James H. Sweet, Domingos Álvares. For the interactions of Natives, Africans, and Europeans, see James Carson, Making an Atlantic World; Seeman, Death in the New World; and K. Block, Ordinary Lives. 4. D. D. Hall, Lived. On making meaning through performance, see Taylor, Archive; Roach, Cities of the Dead; de Haardt and Korte, “Corporeal Practices”; and 276 / notes to the introduction Reckwitz, “Social Practices.” Reckwitz allows for more individual action than Pierre Bourdieu’s encompassing cultural system of the “habitus” in Outline of a Theory of Practice. Michel de Certeau, Practice of Everyday Life, articulates how daily or neardaily actions encode and create religious meaning. 5. Lindman and Tarter, introduction to Centre of Wonders; Shoemaker, A Strange Likeness, 3–5; Finch, Dissenting Bodies, 29–46. 6. On the specific trans- and circum-Atlantic connections of Protestants of many types, including puritans, Quakers, and Huguenots, see Bremer, Congregational Communion ; Tolles, Quakers and the Atlantic Culture; Mack, Visionary Women; Hambrick -Stowe, Practice of Piety; and Murphy, Conscience and Community. 7. For this process among the separatists in early Plymouth Colony, see Finch, Dissenting Bodies. On the performance of difference in circulations of print culture among the English on both sides of the Atlantic, see Castillo, Colonial Encounters. 8. Goetz, Baptism. Her careful articulation of the central function of religious categories in the messy and contested development of the concept of race as a concatenation of inherited characteristics and attributes is a significant corrective to scholarship that has downplayed the significance of religion in Virginia. However, her gesture toward Bermuda as following a similar pattern relies primarily on incomplete printed records; see, for example, 98, 110–11. 9. Bayly, Practice of Pietie, 547–48. On Bayly’s place as a guidebook to puritan practice , see Hambrick-Stowe, Practice of Piety, 145–49. 10. Bynum, Resurrection of the Body; Bekkenkamp and de Haardt, eds., Begin with the Body; Gowing, Common Bodies. 11. For pniesok, see Silverman, Faith and Boundaries, 30. Romero, Making War; James H. Sweet, Recreating Africa, 104, 65; MacGaffey, “Art and Spirituality,” 231–32. A. Irving Hallowell coined the term “other-than-human persons” in the mid-twentieth century to move studies of religion away from the Western-influenced “spirit” and “supernatural”; Hallowell, “Ojibwa Ontology.” 12. Stanwood, “Protestant Moment,” 483n8; Peterson, “Theopolis Americana.” 13. Kupperman, Providence; Levy, “Early Puritanism”; Siminoff, Crossing the Sound; Jarvis, “Maritime Masters,” 590. 14. For “hotter sort of protestant,” see Collinson, Elizabethan Puritan Moment, 27. The lowercase “puritan” signals the inclusion of a variety of fluctuating beliefs and practices that did not conform to the dictates of the Church of England while acknowledging their relatedness; see Kupperman, Providence, xiii; and Winship, Making Heretics. 15. Pestana, Quakers and Baptists. 16. Frost, “Quaker versus Baptist”; James and Bozeman, John Clarke. 17. Peterson, “Practice of Piety,” 81. For conversion narratives as part of a systematized search for the evidence of grace, see Rivett, Science of the Soul, esp. chap. 1. 18. McCusker and Menard, Economy of British America, chap. 5; Dunn, Sugar and Slaves. 19. Jarvis, In the Eye, 102–9, 145–56. 20. James, Colonial Metamorphoses, 159; Sainsbury, “Indian Labor”; Newell, “Indian Slavery”; Herndon and Wilcox Sekatau, “Pauper Apprenticeship”; Marshall, “Settling Down”; Coughtry, Notorious Triangle. notes to the introduction / 277 21. On shifts within puritanism, see Valeri, Heavenly Merchandize. For a detailed study of this process in Connecticut...