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xiii Note on Calendars and Currency Exchange Rates calendars With the exception of Britain and its American colonies, all of the places mentioned in this book had adopted the Gregorian (“new style”) calendar during the period of this study. The British Empire continued to use the Julian (“old style”) calendar, which was eleven days behind the Gregorian, until after 2 September 1752. Thus correspondence, reports, and other documents about America written to or by individuals from the European continent might be dated according to one or the other calendar. When it is not obvious, I will indicate which calendar was used with “NS” or “OS,” if known. approximate currency exchange rates and values£1 sterling = 20 shillings (12 pence = 1 shilling) = £1.1 Georgia = £1.6 Pennsylvania = £5.5 New England = 7.4 Danish West Indies Rigsdaler = £7.5 South Carolina = 10.0 fl Rhineland Palatinate guilders (1 fl = 60 Kreutzer [x]) = 11.11 fl Dutch = 12.5 Basel/Swiss Pfund (pounds) = 12.6 fl Suriname = 16.2 French livres Sources John J. McCusker, Money and Exchange in Europe and America, 1600–1775: A Handbook (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1978), 141, 291–98, 309–10, 316–17; Georg Fertig, Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im 18. Jahrhundert (Osnabrück: Universit ätsverlag Rasch, 2000), 422. This page intentionally left blank ...

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