Crafting Lives: African American Artisans in New Bern, North Carolina, 1770-1900

Index

Index Abbott, Israel Braddock (carpenter), 155, 217, 241, 330 (n. 11), 331 (n. 13); biographical summary, 259–60; in civic organizations, 221–22, 224, 283, 336 (nn. 71, 77), 338 (n. 98); early life, 149–50, 155, 260, 270; family of, 240, 243, 259–60, 285; organizes union, 330 (n. 9); owns real estate, 243; political roles of, 12, 170, 213, 217–19, 260, 265, 283, 289 Abbott, Susan, 240 Abolitionism and abolitionists, 125, 137, 138, 139, 144–45, 267, 271, 286; southern whites’ reaction to, 102, 103, 106, 133–35, 136 Abraham (apprentice house carpenter), 52 Abraham (carpenter, shoemaker), 51 Abraham (carpenter), 46 Abram (apprentice cooper), 52 Abram (brother of runaway blacksmith), 64 Abram (cooper), 41 “Address of the Freedmen’s Convention to the White and Colored Citizens of North Carolina” (1866), 188–89, 190 African Brigade. See U.S. Colored Troops African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, 31, 160, 226. See also Rue, George A.; Rue’s Chapel AME Church African Methodist Episcopal Singing School, 226 African Methodist Episcopal Zion (AME Zion) Church, 3, 160, 162, 226; national conference in New Bern, 228. See also Andrews Chapel; Clinton Chapel; St. Peter’s AME Zion Church Allen, Abram Moody Russell(brickmason, plasterer): early life and manumission of, 46–47, 54, 72, 73, 74, 88, 89, 279; executor and heir of Donum Montford, 80, 121, 280; takes apprentices, 84; in Washington, N.C., 100, 281, 322 (n. 2) Allen, Eliza, 126 Allen, Jeremiah N., 320 (n. 118) Allen, Mary, 126 Alston, William J. (apprentice tailor, minister), 123, 131, 167, 269 America (cooper), 41 American Revolution: black soldiers’ service in, 47–48, 188, 190; New Bern leaders in, 23, 70, 71, 76; principles and rhetoric of, invoked by black artisan-leaders, 14, 168, 174, 194; spirit of, related to manumissions, 49, 68, 76, 95, 105 Anderson, W. H., 329 (n. 90) Andrews, Allen S., 297 (n. 17) Andrews Chapel (Andrew Chapel; Andrew’s Chapel; St. Andrew’s Chapel), 27–28, 107, 148, 154 (ill.), 221, 227–28, 229; affiliates with AME Zion, 161–62; leaders at, 110, 149, 159, 160, 240, 260, 264, 270, 286, 287, 288, 290; as political meeting site, 162–63, 166–69, 171, 175, 176, 187, 214, 227, 229; as schoolhouse, 159, 184, 221. See also Hood, James Walker; Methodist Meeting House; St. Peter’s AME Zion Church Antislavery sentiment, 25, 49, 133 Apprenticeships, 6, 10, 45, 47, 52–53, 60, 79, 80–83, 98–100, 121–25; apprentice bonds, 81, 121–22, 307 (nn. 112, 120), 315 (n. 60); assigned by courts, 83–84, 121–22; black masters of apprentices, 17, 47, 80, 83–84, 122–23, 198, 199, 122, 212; for free black children, 44–45, 81, 103, 121–23; laws concerning, 81; practices after Civil War, 198–99; for slaves, 52–53, 117; teaching apprentices to read and write, 81, 122; tools given to, 38, 80; white masters of black apprentices, 54, 81–83, 122–23, 198. See also individual artisans Architects, 203, 212. See also Eubanks, George C.; Hawks, John; Nichols, William; Paton, David Architecture, New Bern, 9; antebellum, 112, 114; colonial period, 23; early national period, 24, 42, 58; post–Civil War, 32, 201, 203 ; regional influence of, 44 Artisanal republicanism, 14 Artisan-citizenship, 68–69, 78, 80, 83, 93–96, 135, 219. See also Artisan-leaders, black; Voting rights, for North Carolina blacks Artisan identity: American, 9, 12, 14, 38; among black New Bernians, 15–18, 46, 67 Artisan-leaders, black, 17, 67, 96, 196, 211; church affiliations of, 89–91, 131, 147, 225–28; defend Freedmen’s Bureau, 187; form civic and fraternal organizations, 106–7, 173, 185–86, 228–32; form stable families, 235–37; in military roles, 216–17; and North Carolina Freedmen’s conventions, 176–83; in occupied New Bern (1862–1865), 55, 152, 155–56, 158, 160, 166, 168; organize tribute to William Gaston, 106–7; political activities of in postwar era, 174–75, 194–96, 215–19, 245, 331 (n. 13); pursue equal rights, 166, 168–70, 173–75, 187; promote education for black students, 110–11, 130–31, 214, 220–24, 238–39. See also North Carolina Freedmen’s Conventions Artisans: importance to pre-industrial economy, 10, 40–44; pay rates for, 44–45, 55, 114, 115, 128; tools of (see Tools); women as (see Women artisans) —black (postwar): continuity among, 197– 98, 211–12; decline in apprenticeships, 197–98; form and support families, 235–41; gender definitions of, 200–201; number of...