Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links

Index

Index Accra,  Adams, Captain John,  Addiction: in promoting slave trade in Africa,  Affonso, king of Kongo,  Afikpo,  Africa: European colonization of, xiv, xv; administrators in,  African coasts, definitions of,  African ethnicities: boundaries and identity formation, xviii; changing meanings and spellings over time and place, xviii; self-identification in Americas, , –; multilingualism among, ; most frequently found in American documents, , – —Agolin,  —Aja, , , , –, –, . See also African ethnicities: Arada; Arara; Dahomeans; Ewe, Fon(d); Gege; Jeje —Akan, , , –, ,  —Akus (Yoruba),  —Angolans, , – —Anlo, . See also Ewe —Arada, , , , , –, . See also African ethnicities: Aja; Arara; Dahomeans; Ewe; Fon(d); Gege; Jeje —Arara, , , . See also African ethnicities : Aja; Arada; Dahomeans; Ewe; Fon(d); Gege; Jeje —Aro,  —Arriatas,  —Ashanti, ,  —Bagos, . See also African ethnicities: Balanta —Balanta, , , . See also African ethnicities: Bagos —Bamana, , , , , –, , –. See also African ethnicities: Bambara —Bambara, , , –; means ‘‘barbarian ’’ in Africa, ; Samba Bambara Conspiracy, ; meaning of to Europeans in Africa,  —Banol,  —Banum,  —Beafada. See African ethnicities: Biafara —Berbers, , . See also African ethnicities : Sanhaja Berbers —Berbese. See African ethnicities: Berbice —Berbice, , , , . See also African ethnicities: Sereer —Biafada. See African ethnicities: Biafara —Biafara, , , – —Bibi. See African ethnicities: Ibibio —Biofo,  —Bioho,  —Bioko, –,  —Birom,  —Bissagos, , – —Bran, , , – —Bricamo,    Index —Bullom,  —Calabar, , , –, , , , –, ,  —Carabalí, , . See also African ethnicities: Calabar; Karabalí —Casanga. See African ethnicities: Cazanga —Cazanga, ,  —Chamba, , , –, , , –, – —Cocolis,  —Congo. See African ethnicities: Kongo —Dahomeans, , , , , , , . See also African ethnicities: Aja; Arada; Arara; Ewe; Fon(d); Gege; Jeje —Dende,  —Diola,  —Djolauf. See Wolof —Edo, –, , – —Edoid,  —Efik, , , , , ,  —Ekoi, –, ,  —Esan,  —Ewe, , –, ,  —Falupo, , – —Fante,  —Felupo. See African ethnicities: Falupo —Folup. See African ethnicities: Falupo —Fon(d), , , , , –, , – , . See also African ethnicities: Aja; Arada; Arara; Dahomeans; Ewe; Gege; Jeje —Fula. See African ethnicities: Fulbe —Fulani. See African ethnicities: Fulbe —Fulao,  —Fulbe, , , , , , –, , , , ,  —Fulo. See African ethnicities: Fulbe —Fulupo,  —Ga, , , ,  —Ganga: meaning of in Cuba, , . See also African ethnicities: Kanga —Gege. See African ethnicities: Fon —Gelofe. See African ethnicities: Wolof —Gola,  —Guagui: meaning of,  —Hausa, , , , –, , , , , ,  —Ibibio, –, , , , , –, , , , , , ,  —Igbo, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , –, , , , – —Ijaw,  —Ijo, , ,  —Imbagala,  —Jaga, , – —Jahaanke,  —Jallos, . See also African ethnicities: Fulbe —Jara,  —Jeje, ; Fon/Dahomean in Brazil,  —Joola,  —Kanga, –, , ,  —Karabalí, –, , , . See also African ethnicities: Calabar; Carabalí —Khaasonke,  —Kiamba, . See also African ethnicities : Chamba —Kisi, , , , – —Kongo, , –, –, , , , , –, –, , – passim, , –, –; varying meanings of among Europeans,  —Kru, –, ,  —KwaKwa, ,  —Lucumí, –, –, , , , , , . See also African ethnicities: Nago; Yoruba —Macuba,  —Mahi, , , ,  —Maki. See Mahi —Makua, , –, , –, , ,  —Mandinga. See African ethnicities: Mandingo Index  —Mandingo, , –, , , –, – , , –, , , –, , , , – —Mandingue. See African ethnicities: Mandingo —Mandongo, ,  —Mane, ,  —Maninga. See African ethnicities: Mandingo —Marabi,  —Mina: , –, , , , , , – , , –, –; Mina Congo, ; Mina Nago, ; Mina Popo, , , , ; Mina Guagui, ; Cabildo Mina Ashanti (Santes),  —Minan. See African ethnicities: Mina —Mine. See African ethnicities: Mina —Moko, , , , , –, , – —Mondongo,  —Mondongue, , ,  (n. ) —Moors, , ; slaves in Americas, , , –. See also Nar(d) —Mungola, ,  —Naari Kajor,  —Nago, , –, –, –, –, , , , –. See also African ethnicities: Lucumí; Yoruba —Nalo. See African ethnicities: Nalu —Nalu, , ,  —Nar(d), , , , ,  —Pau Pau, . See also African ethnicities : Popo —Peul, . See also African ethnicities: Fulbe —Popo, , . See also African ethnicities : Pau Pau —Poular(d). See African ethnicities: Fulbe —Pular. See African ethnicities: Fulbe —Quaws, . See also African ethnicities : Ibibio —Sane,  —Sanhaja Berbers,  —Sanno,  —Savaru, ,  —Sereer, . See also African ethnicities: Berbice —Soso,  —Temne, ,  —Toures,  —Tukulor,  —Vili, , ,  —Wolof, , –, , , , –, –, –, , , , – —Yao, –,  —Yoruba, , , , , , –, , , –, , , , , –. See also African ethnicities: Lucumí; Nago —Zape, . See also Sape —Zozo, . See also African ethnicities: Soso African names, – Afro-Europeans, , ,  Afro-Portuguese, –, , , –, ,  Agaja, king of Dahomey,  Age of Revolutions,  Age of slaves, , , –, –, , –, ,  Aguirre Beltrán, Gonzalo, , ,  Akwamu Empire, , , – Alabama,  Alfonso I, king of Kongo,  Allada, , , . See also Arda Almada, Alvarez de,  Almohad Dynasty,  Almoravid Dynasty, – American Revolution,  Amsterdam,  Angola, , , , , , , –, , –, –, –; varying meanings of among Europeans, ,  Anguilla (British West Indies), ,  Anstey, Roger,   Index Anthropology: methodology of, – , –, , ; anthropologists in Africa,  Aponte Conspiracy (Cuba),  Arabs: in Spain, ; as slave traders,  Arda, , , . See also Allada Argentina, , , ,  Armah, Ayi Kwe, ,  Art, ,  Asante Empire, , ,  Asiento: Portuguese, , , , , ; British, , – Atlantic slave trade: impact on Africa, ; responsibility for, ,  Avocados,  Bagre fish,  Bahia, , , , , , , ; tobacco from,  Baltimore (Md.),  Bambuk: source of gold, , ,  Bamenda Grasslands,  Bananas,  Barataria (La.),  Barbados, –, , –, ,  Barry, Boubacar, , , , , ,  Bastide, Roger, ,  Baton Rouge (La.),  Bayamo (Cuba),  Beans, ,  Bengo River,  Benguela, , , , – Benin: kingdom of, , , ; independent state,  Berlin, Ira,  Bight of Benin, , , , , –, , , , , , ,  Bight of Biafra, , , , , , –, , , , , , , , –, , ,  Bissagos Islands,  Bissau,  Blackburn, Robin,  Boahen, A. A.,  Bobangi River,  Bolivia, ,  Bonny, , –, – Boote,  Bowser, Frederick,  Boxer, C. R.,  Bozal, , , . See also Brut; New Africans Brandenburg,  Brandy, ,  Brass,  Brass country,  Brazil, , , , , , , –, –, , , –, , , , –, – , –, , , –, –, ,  Bristol,  Britain, , , –, –, , , –, , ; goods introduced into Africa by, ; asiento,  British colonies in Americas, , , , ,  British crown,  British West Indies, , , , , , , –,  Bronze,  Brooks, George E.,  Brut, , , . See also Bozal; New Africans Buhnen, Stephan, , ,  Bulgarians,  Buré: as source of gold, , ,  Burkina Faso, xvi Cabildos de Naciones (in Cuba), , –, –, ,  Cabinda, ,  Cachaça. See Rum Cacheu: Portugueses slave trade post, , ,  Cacheu River,  Calabar, , , –, , , , [3.21.248.119] Project MUSE (2024-04-26...