Precarious Prescriptions: Contested Histories of Race and Health in North America

Index

Index 277 Academia de Medicina de Mégico (Medical Academy of Mexico), 13, 14 Africa, 143–45, 148–50 African American physicians: during Civil War, 54; criticism of, as “conjurer” in post–Civil War period, 46, 55–57, 61; detached relationship of, to mental illness and psychiatry, xxi, 91–110; Euro-American physicians compared with, in nineteenth century, 46–50; exclusion of, from medical specialties, 100–101; Flexner report on, 101; focus of, on somatic diseases, 93, 101–2, 108; and Freedmen’s Bureau, xv–xvi, 44–62, 64n18; herbal medicine practiced by, 47–50, 55, 59, 61; and hunger in the South, 218; medical schools for, 45, 100–101; professionalization of, 93–97; and professionalization of Euro-American physicians, 43–45, 50, 62; psychiatric professionalization of, 97–110, 112n19, 113n35; public health role of, 101–2; racism against, 43, 45, 51–58, 60–62, 92, 94, 100– 101; and slaves’ medical care, xvi, 43, 45–46, 47, 48, 60; in South Carolina, xvi, 44, 51–54, 57–62; statistics on, 107–8; in Texas, xvi, 44, 45–51, 55–62 African Americans: in antebellum Texas, 48–49; citizenship of, xxi, 102; and crack baby narrative, xiii–xiv, 240, 247, 248; diseases of, xxi, 94, 96, 101–2, 108, 262–71; and hunger in the South, xx, 213, 215–22, 229, 232; lack of full citizenship rights for, 102; and Lacks cancer study, vii, viii, xxiii–xxiv; living conditions of, 96, 102; mental health services underused by, xxi, 91–92, 109– 10; mental illness among, xxi, 91, 96, 103–4; and midwives, 128; as migrants in Mexico during late-nineteenth century, xviii–xix, 67–70; military service by, xxi, 93, 103–4, 108–9; morbidity and mortality rates of, 50, 94, 101, 102, 111n5; Moynihan report on the black family, 228, 248, 261; negative stereotypes of, 222, 224, 228, 232, 253–54; in nursing, xvii, 143, 146–47, 160, 161; poverty and hunger of, in 1960s, xx, 213–22, 226; in prison population, 253, 255; public policies against, in Reagan era, xiii–xiv, 237, 247–55; return of Tlahualilo migrants from Eagle 278 INDEX Pass, Tex., to Alabama, 79–83; return of Tlahualilo migrants from Mexico to Eagle Pass, Tex., 70–72; and smallpox in Mexican– American borderlands, xix, 67–83; smallpox serum field trial on, xix, 68, 71–80; and substance abuse, 252, 253–56; Tuskegee Syphilis Study on, vii–viii, xxi– xxii, xxiv, 262–71. See also civil rights movement Agamben, Giorgio, 88–89n69 agency and voice, as concept, xx– xxii, 261–71 Agricultural Workers Health Association, 200, 206 Agriculture Department, U.S. (USDA), 215, 223, 224, 225, 226 Aguirre, Beltrán, Gonzalo, 8 Aid to Families with Dependent Children, 237 Alabama: African American migrants to Mexico from, 68, 69; children’s health in, 218; civil rights movement in, 226– 27; industry in, 69; return of Tlahualilo migrants to, 79–83; Southern Rural Research Project in, 216; Tuskegee Syphilis Study in, vii–viii, xxi–xxii, xxiv, 262–71 Alzheimer, Alois, 112n19 AMA. See American Medical Association (AMA) American Enterprise Institute, 243 American Farm Bureau, 190 American Indians Religious Freedom Act (1978), 17 American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 178 American Medical Association (AMA), 92, 94, 101, 113n33 American Medico-Psychological Association, 99 American Psychiatric Association (APA), 92, 104 American Public Health Association, 205 American Red Cross, xxiii, 148 Anderson, Dorothy, 132, 134 Anderson, Warwick, 144 APA. See American Psychiatric Association (APA) Aragón, Jesusita, 125, 135–36 Archuleta, Susana, 123–24 Arizona, 178, 189, 212, 226 Armijo, Alex, 122 Arnaiz-DeLeon, Daphne, 139n40 Asian Americans as nurses, xvii, 146–47, 149, 152–53, 161 Associated Farmers, 190 Association of the Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, 98–99 Austin, Stephen F., 5, 10 Austin Herald, 80 Austin Statesman, 80 Aynes, Edith, 148 Bailey, R. Wellesley, 104 Barker, Prince P., 104, 105, 113n35 Barlow, Byron, 36 Becker, Dr., 54 Berlandier, Jean, 13 Besharov, Douglas, 243 Bias, Len, 242, 243 Bigelow, Dr., 23 Bigg, Herman, 72 biomedical racialization, x–xii Birmingham Age Herald, 81 birth control, 248 birth practices. See midwives; pregnant women Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, The (Gutman), 261 Black Power, 215, 224, 255 blacks. See African American headings Blackwell, Unita, 216, 217 Blaquiere, L., 14 body: of African Americans in INDEX 279 smallpox serum field trial, 76–79; balance of, in health practices, 22n51, 29–30; and boundaries between Indian and American bodies...