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Index Italic page numbers indicate photographs. Adler, Patricia, 38, 219n Adler, Peter, 38, 219n Amory, Cleveland, 4 animal activism, ix, xii-xiii, xv, 55-56,196-98,200,209-11 animal oppression, ix, xii-xiii, 196-98,200-201,209-11 animals: and communication, 11-12,40,77-78,92,202-3,210; as companions, 1-3, 195-98; and culture, 48,91-94,116,208; emotions of, xili, 3-4, 39, 76, 208, 210; recognition of selflself-awareness, 71-77, 191,198,201-2,219n; social construction of, 199-201; and territoriality, 94, 116, 129, 194; theoretical debate about, 11-13,25-26,71-75,94,186-87, 193-94,201,204-9, 216nn. 17 and 20. See also cats; dogs; Thomas, Elizabeth Marshall Arluke, Arnold, 25, 37, 217n Ascione, Frank R., 200 Barber, Theodore Xenophon, 133 Barlow, Mary, 200 BekotT, Marc, 81, 194 Berenbaum, May, 74 Bogdan, Robert, 71, 77-78, 202 Borchelt, Peter L., 116 Cabanac, Michel, 76, 78 cage-tops, 62, 65, 68, 83, 95-98, 97, 107,110,113-14,135,141-43, 145-46,189-91,222n Carbone, Lawrence G., 200 cat adoption: and ambivalence, 61-62,159-62,165-69,177-78, 224n; and choices, 60-62, 137, 158-61, 163-66, 171-72; returned cats, 82-83, 111, 125, 127-28,173-76. See also Whiskers policies cat deaths, 37, 45, 99, 103-4, 106, 140-41,155, 178-83 cats: as aloof, independent, solitary, 1-2, 4, 23; alternate perceptions,4-5,9-10, 13, 106; emotional capacity, 18, 23-24, 34,61,78,81-90,108-13, 156-57,191,193,202,207;as family members, 22; as individu255 Copyrighted Material 256 Index als, 13,16-18,24,29,35-36,79, 88-89, 168, 179, 192; instrumental interaction, xiv, 8, 19, 47, 69, 108,121-22; as minded actors, 14-17, 35,38,46-47,61,67-70, 78,80-81,88,111-13,154,192; self-awareness, 76, 78, 89-90, 191-93; social capacity, xiii-xiv, 18-21,23,38-39,47-49,59-61, 66-70,78,93-95,97-110,141-43, 160,202-3; training, 20-21, 23. See also socialization; social roles of cats cats as heroes: saving dogs, 6-7; saving kittens, 5; saving people, 5-6, 14 cat culture and social structure: absence of territoriality, 94-95, 101, 129-33, 135-36, 142, 152, 188-89; cat social self, 76-90, 135-38,191-93,206-7; "distinctive cat culture," xiv, 51, 107, 208; dominance, 94, 111-12, 117-21,123,126,128-30, 134-35, 142, 187-88; egalitarianism , 123, 134, 142, 188; emergence /development of, xiv, 36, 48,88,91,93-94,108, 110,134, 138,142-43,154, 201; feeding routines,22,48-49,57-59, 63-64,80-81,101,105,117-23, 181-82; friendship networks, 49, 59-61,85-86,95,98-108,110, 114,134,138,141-43, 188,190, 195; social cohesion 59-62, 91, 95-96,106-7,109-13,117, 135-36, 138-40, 142-43, 146, 152-53, 169, 188-90 cleaner/feeders: contribution to cat friendships, 60-61,101-2, 110, 120, 144189; contribution to cat self-awareness, 57-60, 78, 80, 87-90, 135,208; interaction with cats, 33, 57, 64, 66-70, 80, 89-90, 111, 121, 150; as perceived by cats, 58, 65-70, 89, 111; perceptions of cats, 52, 57-58; responsibilities of, 50-53, 56, 58-59, 63-65,113,118,120,156,219n. See also Whiskers Organization Cooley, Charles Horton, 12,73-74, 78,191,202-4 Collins, Randall, 12, 203 Damasio, Antonio, 76, 204-6 Dawkins, Marian, 39-40, 77-78,93, 135-37, 138, 184, 193 Descartes, Rene xiii, 2, de Waal, Frans, 93 dogs: interactions with humans, 20; social construction of, 2. See also Sanders, Clinton R. Durkheim, Emile, 184-85 ethnography,xii, 25, 37-38, 40-42, 47, 194, 199, 219n. See also participant observation; research method euthanasia, 28, 140, 156, 173, 180-81,196,210 feline heroism. See cats: as heroes feral cats: definition of, 139, 218n; Lucky, 104-5, 115, 120, 140, 144-45, 145; old-timers, 64-65, 80, 105, 144-52,181, 222n; Philip, 80, 96, 105, 120, 141, 146-47,150, 179, 180, 183;Pinky, 144-45,151; role in cat community , xiv, 103-6, 108, 131-33, 139-44, 153-54, 177, 187, 189, 207; and socialization, 35, 64, 84, 87-88, 108...

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