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Index Achtenberg, Emily Paradise, 188–189, 219n130 Affirmative action, 177–178, 218n89 African Americans: automobile ownership, 145; collapse of the auto industry and job displacement, 119; concentrated poverty, 139–140; in correctional system, 174; discrimination in the labor market, 143; emergency room visits, 69; female-headed households, 54, 65; income, 46, 47–48, 49, 89; infant mortality rates, 72; low-wage jobs, 58, 65; male joblessness, 140–141; 1960s neighborhood riots, 158; obesity, 70; as percentage of central city population, 130; poverty, 46–47, 65–67, 74; poverty among elderly, 56; residential segregation, 113, 133, 135; restricted mobility in response to industrial restructuring, 125; suburbanization, 146; unemployment rates, 61, 86, 143, 146; wages, 62 Albelda, Randy, 85 American Century, 35, 109, 166 American Enterprise Institute, 164 American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (stimulus bill), 181, 183, 219n101 American Social Contract, 18–19 American Society of Civil Engineers, 168 American Time Use Survey, 94–95, 206n56 AmeriCorps, 177 Alm, Richard, 200n16 Anchorage, 122 Asians and Asian Americans: immigration, 27; obesity, 70; poverty, 46, 73; residential segregation, 133, 135, 138 Atlanta, 27, 113, 122, 127, 130, 144, 150 Atwater, Lee, 199n74 Australia, 175 Autoliv, 115 Auto manufacturers, 111, 113, 179 Autor, David, 81 Balfanz, Bob, 144 Baltimore, 123, 144, 173 Banfield, Edward, 15 Barron, David, 184 Battery Park City, N.Y., 189 Bensonhurt, Brooklyn, 196n21 Berkeley, Calif., 185, 186 Bernacke, Ben, 81 Berube, Alan, 131 Biden, Joe, 93 Birmingham, Ala., 198n54 Bloomberg, Michael, 3 Bluestone, Barry, 42, 46 Bobo, Lawrence, 17 Bogotá, Colombia, 185 Bolivia, 198n51 Bologna, Italy, 185 246 / Index Boschken, Herman, 210n48 Boston, 14; automobile ownership, 145; federal government aid, 162; gentrification, 198n55; globalization; 122; housing policy, 154; local coalitions, 186–187; progressive local politicians, 185; public schools, 144; service sector expansion, 91, 114; urban/ suburban racial divide, 26 Boston, Thomas, 62 Brandeis, Louis, 24 Brookings Institution, 73, 136 Brown v. Board of Education, 17 Buenos Aires, 114 Buffalo, N.Y., 91, 115 Bureau of Labor Statistics: job creation projections , 89–90; poverty measures, 13, 40; projections on declining steel industry employment , 98; underemployment measures, 59–61, 203n56; worker displacement, 90 Burke, Edmund, 154 Burlington, Vt., 8, 152, 185, 186, 189 Burtless, Gary, 200n2, 201n19 Bush, George W., 165; appointment by Supreme Court, 83; election, 5 Bush I administration, 53, 58, 83, 154, 190 Bush II administration: changes to federal urban policy, 1, 4, 149, 188; declining average wages, 58; dismantling of the safety net, 19, 151, 154, 196n32; economic policy and poverty, 52–53; flawed policies, 182; hostility toward unions, 93; war expenditures in Iraq and Afghanistan, 84 Califano, Joseph, 179 California, 10, 11, 77, 157, 197n49, 211n48; Proposition 13, 10, 13, 175 Canada, 175, 200n17 Carbone, Nick, 187 Cargill, 122 Carter administration, 20, 159 Castells, Manuel, 32 Catskill Mountains, 22 Census. See U.S. Census Bureau Center for Urban Economic Development, 192 Central Human Capabilities standard of measurement , 14 Chapman, Mary, 119 Charlotte, N.C., 144 Chaudry, Ajay, 57 Cheney, Dick, 165 Chicago: concentration of manufacturing offices, 124; gentrification, 130, 153; as a global city, 122; Hispanic population, 135; immigration, 27, 136, 137; local government action to fight urban poverty, 150; manufacturing job loss, 118; progressive local politics, 152, 185, 192–193; public housing authority, 3; public schools, 144, 171; teenage unemployment, 146 Children: homelessness, 71; hunger, 72; poverty, 41, 64 China, 81, 100, 101, 102, 119, 204n4 Christopherson, Susan, 120 Chrysler, 179 Cisneros, Henry, 163 City-based coalitions, 151–152, 178–182; and minority mayors, 193; neighborhood coalitions , 160–161. See also Coalition building; Grassroots politics City planners, 29, 161, 183 City Year, 30 Civic engagement, 177 Civil rights movement, 158, 178, 183 Clavel, Pierre, 184, 187 Cleveland: automobile ownership, 145; globalization , 122; manufacturing job loss, 114, 116, 120, 210n45; progressive local politics, 152, 185, 187; public schools, 144; suburbanization, 136, 146 Clinton administration, 4; Clintonomics, 52, 151, 215n4; dismantling of the safety net, 19, 37, 57; Earned Income Tax Credit, 176; focus on urban poverty, 149, 150–151, 163; Republican Revolution (1994), 83; rising average wages, 58 Coalition building, 178–181; as essential to creating supportive national urban policies, 184; local coalitions, role in federal policy change, 188–189, 190–196; political coalitions , 181–182. See also City-based coalitions Columbus, Ohio, 144 Commission on National Productivity, 179 Community development, on the neighborhood level, 161 Competitive cities, 76 Concentrated poverty. See Geographic concentrations of poverty Conference on State and Local Progressive Policies, 190 Congress, 167, 175; anti-poverty policies, 151, 156, 160, 176, 179; budget...

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