Affirmative Action and the University: A Philosophical Inquiry

Index

Index Academia, racism and sexism in, 17480 . See also Affirmative action; Preferential treatment; Recruitment; Tenure decisions Affirmative action. See also Diversity; Minorities; Preferential treatment; Quotas; Women in academic appointment process, 1-4, 140-41 assumptions underlying, 264-68 compensatory arguments for, 24-26, 45-46n.47, 117n.5, 148, 206, 231n.3, 259 compromise proposals for, 32, 97116 , 186, 192-93, 248n.2, 258-59, 295-99 consequences of, 32-34, 185-86 corrective arguments for, 26-30, 40-41 "counterfactual justice" argument for, 67-70, 250-52 debate over, 48-49, 93-97, 250 desert claims and, 35-38 distributive justice as basis for, 165-73 enforcement of, 99, 114-16 expectations affected by, 38-40, 47n.71, 184 impact of, 256 justifications for, 12-13, 23-32, 40-41, 174-80, 181-87, 259 multiculturalism as objective of, 197-205 objections to, 32-40, 252-55, 260 procedural form of, 50, 197, 207, 275 process-directed, 32, 33, 40, 143 in recruitment process, 10-12, 17, 207-11 redistributive arguments for, 30--32, 206 regulatory form of, 50, 275-76 role-rnodel argument for, 125-26, 184,246-47 secretive nature of, 256-59 tenure decisions and, 269-74, 275-85 Title "II and, 13-19, 42-43n.20, 43n.21,49 African Americans in academic life, 10, 12, 34, 40, 50, 121n.23, 125-31, 135-36, 174-80, 1831' 184, 185, 190-94, 261-62n.5 preferential treatment of, 63-64, 65 Alabama State Police, 221 American Political Science Association, 30 Asian Americans preferential treatment of, 62-63, 64 reverse discrimination against, 258 Bakke, l\.llan, 18, 35. See also Regents of the University of California v. Bakke Becker, Lawrence C., 5, 18, 32, 41, 52, 126, 142, 158, 174, 186, 192-93, 198, 212, 224, 233, 248n.2, 248- 308 Index Becker, Lawrence C. (continued) 49n.7, 250, 258, 268, 286, 287, 289, 291, 293, 294, 295-96 Blacks. See African Americans Bush, George, 16, 213 Cahn, Steven M., 83, 186, 198, 298 Carter, Stephen L., 230, 260, 261nn.3,4 Cheney, Richard, 212 Chronicle of Higher Education, 3-4 City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co., 1819 , 41, 44-45n.37, 45n.39, 47n.61,288 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 162-63, 259. See also Title VII Colleges. See Academia; Affirmative action; Recruitment; Tenure decisions The Commanders (Woodward), 212 Compensatory arguments, 24-26, 4546n .47, 117n.5, 148, 206, 231n.3,259 Competence. See Qualifications Constitution, U.S., affirmative action and, 13, 18. See also Supreme Court decisions; Title VII Cornell University, 20-21 Corrective arguments, 26-30 Court cases. See Supreme Court decisions Criteria. See Qualifications Croson decision. See City of Richmond v. J. A. Croson Co. Defense Department, 212 DePriest, James, 261n.2 Desert claims, as objection to affirmative action, 35-38, 47n.66 Detroit Symphony Orchestra, 260-61n.2 Disabled persons, affirmative action for, 170n.l Discrimination. See also Affirmative action in higher education, 20-23 outcome-based, 19 patterns of, 113 preferential treatment as response to, 163 process-based, 19 proof of, 14-16, 43n.23, 174-75 reverse, 53-61 Title VII as response to, 13-19 Disparate impact cases, 14-15, 28-29, 43n.24 Disparate treatment cases, 14, 15 Distributive justice, as basis for affirmative action, 165-73 Diversity in academic environments, 128, 130, 132-33, 135, 142-43, 261n.4 ecological concept of, 233-49 genetic and cultural, 243-45 as objective of preferential treatment, 66-67, 74-82, 91n.23, 149, 173n.8 as objective of proportional representation, 229-31 Drexel University, 45n.42 Duke, David, 256 Dworkin, Ronald, 53, 54, 55, 89n.l0, 142, 159, 170n.1 Ethnic diversity. See Diversity; Multiculturalism Fear of success, 183, 184 Featherbedding, 102-5 Feinberg, Joel, 47n.66 Fifth Amendment, 18 Fourteenth Amendment, 18 Francis, Leslie P., 5, 130, 143, 174, 178, 179, 190, 212, 235, 255, 259, 264, 265, 268, 284n.5, 286, 287-88, 289, 291, 297-98 Frontiero v. Richardson, 54 Gender bias. See Sexism; Women Goldman, Alan, 45-46n.47, 91n.24 Handicapped persons. See Disabled persons Hayek, F. A., 185 Hispanics, in academic life, 137, 183, 190. See also Minorities Horner, Matina, 183 Humanities, affirmative action in, 208-11 Immigration, denial of, 170n.2 Johnson, Frank, 221 Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 49, 212 Kaiser Aluminum, 44n.35 Kant, Immanuel, 131 Kennedy, John F., 44n.28 Kors, Alan Charles, 292...