Native Recognition: Indigenous Cinema and the Western

Index

Index 379 Abel, Richard, 11, 52 Abenaki tribe, 15 The Aborigine’s Devotion (1909), 74, 76 Act for the Relief of the Mission Indians , 326n64 Activism, 311n47; Alcatraz Island occupation, 231, 336n18, 336n20; community, 199; cultural, 16; family, 199; Indigenous, 7; Native, 336n18; Native American occupations , 39, 220; off-screen, 31; political, 39; reterritorializing, 300; through film screenings, 200; uranium mining dangers and, 199; Wounded Knee occupation, 231, 336n19 Adair, John, 307n16 Adams, Evan, 265 Adoption: consecutive, 116; of Native children, 29, 44, 82, 83, 116 Aiken, Mary, 162, 327n66 Alcatraz Island occupation, 231, 336n18, 336n20 Aleiss, Angela, 7, 88, 307n18, 323n34 Alexie, Sherman, 265, 307n15, 334n4 Algonquian tribe, 88 Allen, Chadwick, 35, 39, 122, 232, 254, 335n13, 336n19 Allred, Christine Edwards, 57 American Horse, 284, 285, 286 American Indian Defense Association (AIDA), 109 American Indian Movement, 39, 220, 232, 241, 246, 278, 292; public proclamations of, 230; “Trail of Broken Treaties,” 231, 232 Apache tribe, 88, 174, 273 Arapaho tribe, 5 Are We Civilized? (1934), 160 Arrowboy and the Witches (1980), 39, 222, 263, 267 Assimilation: advocated by reformers, 109; aggressive programs of, 73; apprehension over, 53; before-andafter photos measuring, 19, 20–21, 22, 23, 24, 25–33; binarism of, 241; by citizenship, 318n4; conquest as form of, 31; discourses of, 28; economic thrust of, 73; failure of policy of, 48, 108; in form of costume, 49; imagined movement to modernity through, 27; institutional , 96, 319n8, 319n9; as means of eliminating racial distinctions, 21; narratives of, 6, 105, 212, 268; performing, 86–90; policies, 9, 19, 47; public anxiety over, 104; public images of, 32; rhetoric of, 53; through education, 20, 21, 27, 28; vanishing through, 145; visible signs of, 101 Austin, Mary, 133, 318n6 Babcock, Barbara, 78, 81 380 / Index Backbone of the World: The Blackfeet (Burdeau, 1997), 4, 329n6 “Back to the blanket,” 77, 166 Badger-Two Medicine range, 4 Balshofer, Fred, 87, 90 Banks, Richard E., 113, 320n9 Barclay, Barry, 16, 17, 301, 302, 307n15 Barking Water (2009), 263 Barthelmess, Richard, 123, 325n55 Barthes, Roland, 198, 214 The Battle of Elderbush Gulch (1913), 8, 54, 81, 168, 186 Baxter, Warner, 54, 153, 154, 156, 327n66, 328n75 Beach, Adam, 289 Beery, Noah, 128 Beery, Wallace, 156 Begay, Elsie Mae Cly, 179, 200, 204, 210, 329n2 Begay, Lorenzo, 204, 207, 208 Begay, Mary Helen, 200 Belmont, Gladys, 141, 150 Beltrán, Mary, 162 Benjamin, Walter, 254 Berger, John, 198 Bernard, Dorothy, 66, 67 Bhabha, Homi, 81, 310n39 Bill, Tony, 259 Billops, Camille, 215 Billy Jack (1971/1973), 12, 39, 219, 220, 337n25; blurring of tribal beliefs in, 233; captivity narrative in, 232–240; contradictory paradigms in, 235; depiction of contemporary West in, 234; ethnic vigilante character of, 232–240; failure of heroic violence to effect change in, 239; as familial drama of interracial relationships, 234; figure of Native war veteran in, 234; Freedom School in, 234, 235, 236, 237; intervention in cinematic purposing of Indian land for white regeneration in, 240; metaphors for Native-white relationships in, 233; revisionist reimagining of, 232–240; suppressed rage in, 234; Termination and Relocation policies in, 236; vision of reservation land in, 234, 235 Birchard, Robert S., 56 The Birth of a Nation (1915), 51, 56, 99, 306n9 Bison 101 Studio, 89 Blackburn, Bob, 320n9 Blackfeet tribe, 221, 277 Bolter, Jay David, 340n4 Bonnin, Gertrude, 107, 158 Bourdieu, Pierre, 58, 59, 319n8 Bowman, Arlene, 329n6 Bowser, Eileen, 87, 312n1 Box of Treasures (1983), 185 Boyce-Smith, John, 325n55 Brace, Charles Loring, 318n5 Braveheart (1925), 107, 117–119 Broken Arrow (1950), 12, 173, 236, 260 Brooks, Peter, 314n14 Brownlow, Kevin, 140, 158, 322n22 Brummett, Barry, 330n10 Bruner, Charles, 88 Buck’s Romance (1912), 74 Buffalo, destruction of herds of, 4 Burdeau, George, 3, 4, 5, 39, 221, 223, 261, 262, 263, 329n6 Bureau of American Ethnology, 21 Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), 318n6, 318n7; corruption and mismanagement in, 109; occupation of offices of, 231; Termination and Relocation policies, 231 Burnette, Robert, 232 Bursum Bill (1922), 109, 269 Bushman, Francis X., 156 Butler, Judith, 29, 309n34 The Call of the Wild (1908), 77, 78, 79, 87 Index / 381 Camp, Walter, 325n55 Capitalism, 73, 74 Cardinal, Gil, 16, 185 Cardinal, Tantoo, 273 Carewe, Edwin, 38, 78, 100, 104, 124, 152, 156–172, 324n47, 326n62, 327n66; Are We Civilized? (1934), 160; directing career, 156, 157; early years, 159; Evangeline (1929), 158, 171; indicted for tax evasion, 326n60; Inspiration Pictures , 102, 152, 159, 325n55...