China's America: The Chinese View the United States, 1900-2000

Notes

Notes Introduction 1. Wu Xiaoli, Zu yin (Echoes of footsteps) (Beijing: Huayi Chubanshe, 1998), 247. 2. Ibid. 3. Song Qiang, Zhang Zangzang, and Qiao Bian, Zhongguo keyi shuo bu (China can say no) (Beijing: Zhonghua Gongshang Lianhe Chubanshe, 1996). 4. “Spy Plane Collision Enrages Chinese Public,” Associated Press, 2 April 2001. 5. Yang Miao, “ ‘Chengjiu dabing Ruien’ yinqi de sikao: jingti baquan zhuyi wenhua de shentou” (Thoughts on Saving Private Ryan: be alert against the influence of hegemonist culture), Jiefang ribao (Liberation daily), 8 June 1999; reprinted in Baokan wenzhai (Digest of periodicals), 14 June 1999, 3. 6. For a discussion on the difficulties surrounding the Enlightenment in China, see Vera Schwarcz, The Chinese Enlightenment: Intellectuals and the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990). 7. Jacques Barzun, “Cultural History: A Synthesis,” in The Varieties of History, ed. Fritz Stern (New York: Meridian Books, 1956), 393. 8. Ibid. Chapter 1. Statesmen, Scholars, and Men in the Street 1900–1949 1. Liang Qichao, Liang Qichao shiwen xuan (Selected essays and poems of Liang Qichao), ed. Fang Zhiqin and Liu Sifen (Guangzhou, Guangdong: Guangdong Renmin Chubanshe, 1983), 522. 2. Ibid., 521. 3. For Chinese reactions to anti‑Chinese incidents in the United States, see Chang‑fang Chen, “Barbarian Paradise: Chinese Views of the United States, 1784–1911” (PhD dissertation, Indiana University, 1985), 139–49, 218–43, and 266–318. For more general discussions on early Sino‑American contacts and Chinese views of the United States, see Kenneth S. Latourette, The History of Early Relations between the United States and China, 1784–1844 (1917; reprint, New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation, 1964); George H. Danton, The Culture Contacts of the United States and China: The Earliest Sino‑American Culture Contacts, 1784–1844 (New York: Octagon Books, 1974); and Earl 237 Swisher, China’s Management of the American Barbarians: A Study of Sino‑American Relations, 1841–1861, with Documents (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953). 4. Michael H. Hunt, The Making of a Special Relationship: The United States and China to 1914 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983); Paul Varg, The Making of a Myth: The United States and China, 1897–1912 (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1968); David L. Anderson, Imperialism and Idealism: American Diplomats in China, 1961–1898 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985). 5. For a further discussion of this issue, see Chang‑fang Chen, 31–82. 6. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent) (N.p.: Xinmin Congbao, n.d.), 52. 7. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent), ed. He Shouzhen (Changsha, Hunan: Hunan Renmin Chubanshe, 1981), 49‑50. 8. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent) (Xinmin Congbao), 1. 9. Ibid, 192. 10. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent) (Hunan Renmin Chubanshe), 151. 11. Liang Qichao, “Meiquo zhengzhi lüeping” (On American politics), in Xinhai Geming qian shi nian jian shilun xuanji (Selected commentaries on contemporary affairs from the decade preceding the Revolution of 1911), ed. Zhang Dan and Wang Renzhi (Beijing: Sanlian Shudian, 1960), 1:2,799. 12. Ibid., 800. 13. Ibid., 801. 14. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent) (Hunan Renmin Chubanshe), 74–75. 15. Liang Qichao, “Meiguo zhengzhi lüeping” (On American politics), in Zhang Dan and Wang Renzhi, eds., 792. 16. Ibid., 794. 17. Liang Qichao, Xindalu youji (Notes on a tour of the New Continent) (Hunan Renmin Chubanshe), 78–79. 18. Ibid., 45. 19. Ibid., 35. 20. Ibid., 45. 21. Ibid., 48. 22. Ibid. 23. Ibid., 148. 24. Liang Qichao, “Jinggao liuxuesheng zhujun” (Advice for students study‑ ing abroad), in Zhongguo wenti lunji (Collected papers on the China problem), ed. Zhangwang Editorial Board (Hong Kong: Zilian Chubanshe, 1966), 33. 25. Sun Yat‑sen, “Zhongguo wenti de zhen jiejue” (The true solution to China’s problems), in Zhongguo wenti lunji (Collected papers on the China problem), ed. Zhangwang Editorial Board (Hong Kong: Zilian Chubanshe, 1966), 63. 26. Ibid., 323. 27. Ibid. 28. Sun Yat‑sen, Sun Zhongshan quanji (Complete works of Sun Yat‑sen), ed. Guangdong Shekeyuan Lishi Suo, Zhongguo Shekeyuan Jindaishi Suo, and Zhongshan Daxue Sun Zhongshan Yanjiu Shi, vol. 8 (Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju, 1986), 477. 238 / Notes to Chapter 1 29. Ibid., vol. 5 (1985), 491; vol. 8 (1986), 477. 30. Ibid., vol. 8, 476–77. 31...