Grand Central's Engineer: William J. Wilgus and the Planning of Modern Manhattan

NOTES

257 NOTES Abbreviations NYT New York Times WJW William J. Wilgus WJW, “Milestones” William J. Wilgus, “Milestones in the Life of a Civil Engineer,” 1948, Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Kansas City, MO WWP William J. Wilgus Papers, Manuscripts Division, New York Public Library Introduction 1 “Solving Greatest Terminal Problem of the Age,” NYT, Feb. 2, 1913, sec. 9, 2. 2 “A Glory of the Metropolis,” NYT, Feb. 2, 1913, 16. 3 William J. Wilgus, “Milestones in the Life of a Civil Engineer,” unpublished manuscript, 1948, Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Kansas City, MO, 10; hereafter cited as WJW, “Milestones.” 4 Ibid., 18. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid., 34. 7 Chauncey M. Depew, 1795–1895: One Hundred Years of American Commerce (New York: D. O. Haynes, 1970), 111. 8 Kenneth T. Jackson, ed., Encyclopedia of the City of New York (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995), xi. 9 U.S. Census Bureau, Census Reports, 1900, Vol. 7, Manufactures, Part 1 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1902), 992, 998. 10 Russell Shorto, The Island at the Center of the World (New York: Doubleday, 2004). Chapter 1. New York City’s Geography and Transportation Challenges 1 Robert Albion, The Rise of the Port of New York (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1939), 29. 2 Ibid., 62. 3 See Edwin Burrows and Mike Wallace, Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), pt. 1. 4 Ibid., 72–73. 5 Emory Johnson et al., History of Domestic and Foreign Commerce of the United States (Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution of Washington , 1915), 20. 6 G. W. Sheldon, “The Old Ship-Builders of New York,” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 65, no. 386 (1884): 224–25. 7 Albion, Port of New York, 40–44. 8 Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, 430. 9 Albion, Port of New York, 88. 10 J. H. French, ed., Gazetteer of the State of New York (Syracuse, NY: R. P. Smith, 1860), 57. 11 William Cronon, Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 43. 12 Ronald W. Filante, “A Note on the Economic Viability of the Erie Canal, 1825–1860,” Business History Review 48, no. 1 (1974): 100. 13 Burrows and Wallace, Gotham, 653. 14 Albion, Port of New York, 400, app. 9. 15 Ronald Bailey, “The Other Side of Slavery: Black 258 NOTES TO PAGES 22–50 30 Walter Dodsworth, ed., The Commercial Year Book: A Statistical Annual 1901 (New York: Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 1901), 288. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid., 294–97. 33 New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission, Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations (Albany, NY: J. B. Lyon, 1920), 181–82. 34 “Port of New York Gained in Trade,” Greater New York 10 (Feb. 7, 1921): 16. 35 Port and Harbor Development Commission, Joint Report, 188. 36 Ibid., 128–30. 37 Ibid., 128. 38 See Jill Jones, Conquering Gotham: A Gilded Age Epic; The Construction of Penn Station and Its Tunnels (New York: Viking, 2007). Chapter 2. The Brilliance of Grand Central 1 WJW, “Milestones,” chap. 5, “Transition East to Upstate New York: 1893–1897.” 2 Ibid., 74. 3 Ibid., 79. 4 Carl W. Condit, The Port of New York: A History of the Rail and Terminal System from the Grand Central Electrification to the Present (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 277, table 7. 5 “The Grand Central Station” (editorial), NYT, Mar. 26, 1899, 18. 6 Editorial, NYT, Sept. 20, 1899, p. 6, col. 5. 7 “Fifteen Killed in Rear End Collision,” NYT, Jan. 9, 1902, 1. 8 WJW, “Milestones,” 91. 9 WJW, “The Grand Central Terminal in Perspective ,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers 106 (Oct. 1940): 197. 10 Ibid., 1003. 11 WJW to William H. Newman, Dec. 22, 1902, WWP, box 1. 12 WJW to Newman, Mar. 19, 1903, WWP, box 1. 13 “N.Y. Central’s Report,” NYT, Oct. 4, 1902, 5. 14 WJW, “Milestones,” 93. 15 WJW, “Grand Central Terminal in Perspective,” 1003. 16 “The New York Central’s Interest Free Terminal,” Railway Age Gazette 52, no. 11 (Mar. 15, 1912): 462. Labor, Cotton, and Textile Industrialization in Great Britain and the United States,” Agricultural History 68, no. 244 (1994): 44. 16 Albion, Port of New York, 101. 17 See Daniel Butler, The Age of Cunard (Annapolis , MD: Lighthouse Press, 2004). 18 See Edward J. Renehan, Jr., Commodore: The Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt (New...