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i n d e x Abramios, John, 217 Abū Ma‘shar, 49, 51, 108, 109 Academia dei Vivi (Crete), xvi, 127 Academia Platonica (Florence), 120 Academy of Athens, 175–76, 186, 190 Academy of Bucharest, 133, 136, 154 Academy of Jassy, xvii, 133, 153, 158, 161–63, 167 Academy of Science of Saint Petersburg, 147, 155, 157 acoustics, 158–59 aerostatics, 159 Aesop, 154 Afendopoulo Caleb, 116 agriculture, 67, 83, 135 Ahmad ibn Abdallah Habash al-Hāsib. See Hāsib, Ahmad ibn Abdallah Habash alAkindynos , 99 Akropolites, George, 71, 72, 82 Albania, 166 alchemy, 56, 62, 199 Alembert (d’), Jean le Rond, 161, 164 Alexander Aphrodisieus, 128, 134, 135 Alexander the Great, viii, 108 Alexandre, Noël, 151 Alexandria, school of, x, 3, 24, 27, 40, 43–44, 99 Alexis Michailovich (tsar), 141, 146, 148, 149 Alexius I Komnenos, 64, 65, 66, 108, 211 Alexius II Komnenos, 110 Alexius IV, 69 algebra, 140, 157, 160, 168 Ali Pasha of Jannina, 166 allegorical interpretation, 6–7, 14, 17–18, 24, 48–49 Almagest (Ptolemy), 9, 14, 27, 42, 61, 83, 86, 107, 114 alphabet: Greek numerical, 84; Slavic, 140 Alphonse X of Castille, 115 Alphonsine Tables, 115 Ambrosius, 199 Amiroutzes, George, 124 Ammonius, 27 Anaplasis, xviii, 184–85 anarchism, 186 Anastasios of Sinai, 54 Anaximander, 14 Andronicus II, 84–87, 89–91, 94, 110 Andronicus III, 89–91 angels, 3, 27–31, 34–35, 39, 47, 99 Anglicanism, 131 animals, 5, 15, 30, 35, 38–39, 43–44, 65–66, 128–29, 180–81, 189 Annianus, 53 Anthemios, 154 Anthimos VII (patriarch), 175 Anthrakites, Methodios, 154–56 Antichrist, 53 “Antikythera mechanism,” 56 Antioch, school of, 3, 24–25, 27, 46–47, 50, 54, 99, 141 antipodes, 31, 103 apocalypse, 18–19, 50, 53, 78, 99, 142 Apollonius, 86, 211 Aquila, 13, 34, 205 Arabic numerals, 84, 107 Arabic science, 49, 52, 60, 88, 106, 121, 145. See also Islamic science; science Aratos, 128, 214 Archimedes, 21, 42, 61, 67, 168, 211, 214 Argyropoulos, Timoleon, 174 Argyros, Issac, 112, 113 Arianism, xiii, 8, 40, 204n.28 Aristarchus of Samos, viii, 21, 67, 83 Aristippus, Henricus, 114 aristocracy: Byzantine, 41, 54, 59, 82, 84–85, 87; Greek, 127, 131–32, 151, 157–58, 161, 163; Russian, 147; taxation of, xiv Aristotelianism, x, 145, 151, 159–60, 162, 167; and the church, 75; cosmology according to, viii, 4, 34–35, 66, 77–78, 98; and eternity of the world, 27; Greek, 137; Latin, 91–92; and laws of nature, 21–22; and logic, 46, 56, 100; and natural philosophy , 133, 139, 144, 155; neo-, 133–35; and physics, 10, 15, 17–18, 22, 36, 38, 47, 66–67, 76, 85, 102, 134, 156; scholastic, 135; and the void, 11–12 242 Index Aristotle, viii, x, 4, 11, 14, 16, 18, 34–38, 42, 47, 60–62, 66, 67, 75–77, 79, 82, 85, 87, 89, 90, 95, 96, 98, 100–104, 114, 119, 120, 122–24, 128, 129, 132, 133–37, 139, 140, 144, 154, 155, 161, 165, 214 Arius, 205n.28 asceticism, x, 44, 48 astrolabe, 67, 108, 114, 145, 150, 152, 154; treatise on, 88–89, 110–12 astrology: and astrolabe, 89; and free will, 48, 63; and Islam, 49, 86, 108–11; and Komnenos dynasty, 66–67, 109; versus mathematical astronomy , 37, 49, 67; and Orthodox Byzantines, 49–53, 56, 62–63, 117; and Palaiologos dynasty, 84, 91; and popular science, 128; and prophetic signs, 111, 143; Sanskrit, 52 astronomy, xv, 64, 71–72, 83–85, 119, 127, 132, 145, 148–49, 152–54, 165; Arabic, 59–60, 73, 86, 107–9, 114, 149; and astrology, 37, 49, 67; Chinese, 147; and Pierre Duhem, 199; Hellenic, 9–11, 14, 17, 31, 73; Jesuit, 147–48, 195; Jewish, 110; and John of Damascus, 46; Latin (European), 110, 114, 150; mathematics and, 10–11, 37, 49, 117; non-Ptolemaic, 112, 121, 150; and the Orthodox Church, 117–18; under the Palaiologos dynasty, 84; Persian, xvi, 109–13, 123; against physics, 85–91; and Platonic “law of the stars,” 14; practical , 49–52, 61, 107; Ptolemaic, 9, 21, 35–36, 42–43, 67, 85–86, 106, 110; as queen of the sciences, 87; spherical geometry and, 42 atheism, 157, 160, 178, 181, 184, 186, 188–89, 191; and socialism, 187 Athenaïs-Eudokia, 40 Athens, school of, 8, 41 atomism, ix, 161–62, 168, 178 Augustine, Saint, 84, 199 autogenesis, theory of, 189 automatons, xiv, 56 Averroes, 119, 120, 128 Balkans, 146, 159...

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