Fishes: The Animal Answer Guide

Appendix A: The Classification of Fishes

149 Grade Teleostomi (Osteichthyes). Bony fishes Class Sarcopterygii. Lobe-finned fishes (and tetrapods) Order Coelacanthiformes. Coelacanths Latimeriidae. 2 species of coelacanths Latimeria chalumnae. African Coelacanth Latimeria manadoensis. Indonesian Coelacanth Order Ceratodontiformes. Living lungfishes Ceratodontidae. Australian Lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri. Australian Lungfish Lepidosirenidae. South American Lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa. South American Lungfish Protopteridae. 4 species of African lungfishes Protopterus annectens. African Lungfish Class Actinopterygii. Ray-finned fishes Order Polypteriformes. Polypteridae. Bichirs Polypterus. 15 species of African bichirs Erpetoichthys calabaricus. African Reedfish Order Acipenseriformes. Sturgeons and paddlefishes Acipenseridae. 25 species of sturgeons Acipenser brevirostris. Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. Lake Sturgeon Acipenser sturio. Baltic Sturgeon Huso huso. Beluga Sturgeon Polyodontidae. Paddlefishes Polyodon spathula. North American Paddlefish Psephurus gladius. Chinese Paddlefish Order Lepisosteiformes. Gars Lepisosteidae. 7 species of gars Atractosteus spatula. Alligator Gar Lepisosteus. Gars Order Amiiformes. Amiidae. Amia calva. Bowfin Order Hiodontiformes Hiodontidae. 2 species of mooneyes Order Osteoglossiformes. Bonytongues Osteoglossidae. 8 species of bonytongues Arapaima gigas. South American Pirarucu Osteoglossum bicirrhosum. South American Arawana Pantodon buchholzi. African Freshwater Butterflyfish Scleropages formosus. Golden Dragonfish Notopteridae. 8 species of featherfin knifefishes Mormyridae. About 200 species of African elephantfishes Gnathonemus petersi. Peters’ Elephantfish Gymnarchidae. Gymnarchus niloticus. African Aba Order Elopiformes. 8 species Elopidae. Tenpounders and Ladyfish Megalopidae. Tarpons Megalops atlanticus. Atlantic Tarpon Order Albuliformes. 30 species of bonefishes Albulidae. 5 species of bonefishes Albula vulpes. Atlantic Bonefish Halosauridae. 15 species of halosaurs Notacanthidae. 10 species of spiny eels The Classification of Fishes The following is based on Nelson (2006), with some modifications from Wiley and Johnson (2010). An online, updated Catalog of Fishes is maintained by the California Academy of Sciences at: http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/Ichthyology /catalog/fishcatmain.asp. Species mentioned in this book are listed under their respective family. Appendix A 150 Classification of Fishes Order Anguilliformes. 791 species of eels Anguillidae. 15 species of freshwater eels Anguilla anguilla. European Freshwater Eel Anguilla rostrata. North American Freshwater Eel Heterenchelyidae. 8 species of mud eels Moringuidae. 6 species of spaghetti eels Chlopsidae. 18 species of false moray eels Myrocongridae. 4 species of myroconger eels Muraenidae. About 185 species of moray eels Gymnothorax funebris. Green Moray Synaphobranchidae. About 32 species of cutthroat eels Ophichthidae. About 290 species of snake eels Colocongridae. 5 species of shorttail eels Derichthyidae. 3 species of longneck eels Muraenosocidae. About 8 species of pike congers Nemichthyidae. About 18 species of snipe eels Congridae. About 160 species of conger eels Nettastomidae. About 38 species of duckbill eels Serrivomeridae. About 20 species of sawtooth eels Order Saccopharyngiformes. 28 species Cyematidae. 2 species of bobtail snipe eels Saccopharyngidae. About 10 species of swallowers Eurypharyngidae. 1 species of Gulper or Pelican Eel Monognathidae. About 15 species of onejaw gulpers Order Clupeiformes. About 364 species of herring-like fishes Denticipitidae. Denticle Herring Pristigasteridae. 34 species of longfin herrings Engraulidae. 139 species of anchovies Chirocentridae. 2 species of wolf herrings Clupeidae. About 188 species of herrings Alosa pseudoharengus. Alewife. Alosa sapidissima. American Shad Brevoortia tyrannus. Atlantic Menhaden Clupea harengus. Atlantic Herring Order Gonorhynchiformes. 37 species Chanidae. Milkfish Chanos chanos. Milkfish Gonorhynchidae. 5 species of beaked sandfishes Kneriidae. About 30 species of knerias Phractolaemidae. African Snake Mudhead Order Cypriniformes. About 3,268 species Cyprinidae. About 2,420 species of minnows and carps Barbus. Barbs Cyprinella. Shiners Carassius auratus. Goldfish Cyprinus carpio. Carp Danio rerio. Zebrafish Erimonax monachus. Spotfin Chub Exoglossum maxillingua. Cutlip Minnow Garra rufa Labeo Nocomis. 7 species of chubs Nocomis leptocephalus. Bluehead Chub Nocomis micropogon. River Chub Paedocypris progenetica. Tiny Indonesian Minnow Phoxinus phoxinus. European Minnow Pimephales promelas. Fathead Minnow Probarbus jullieni. Julien’s Golden Carp Ptychocheilus lucius. Colorado Pikeminnow Puntius. Asian barbs Rhodeus. Bitterlings Tor putitora. Indian Mahseer Semotilus. 4 species of chubs Psilorhynchidae. 6 species of mountain carps Gyrinocheilidae. 3 species of algae eaters Catostomidae. 72 species of suckers Chasmistes cujus. Cui-ui Sucker Ictiobus cyprinellus. Bigmouth Buffalo Moxostoma. 22 species of redhorse suckers Moxostoma robustum. Robust Redhorse Cobitidae. About 177 species of loaches Balitoridae. More than 590 species of river loaches Cryptotora thamicola. Torrentfish Order Characiformes. At least 1,674 species of characins Distichodontidae. About 90 species of distichodontids 151 Classification of Fishes Citharinidae. 8 species of African citharinids Parodontidae. About 21 described species of parodontids Curimatidae. About 95 species of toothless characiforms Prochilodontidae. About 21 species of flannel-mouths Anostomidae. At least 137 species of toothed headstanders Chilodontidae. 7 species of headstanders Crenuchidae. 74 species of South American darters Hemiodontidae. About 28 described species of hemiodontids Alestiidae. About 110 species of...