STEM the Tide: Reforming Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Education in America

Notes

Notes introduction Epigraph: Quoted by Gerald W. Bracey, “America, the 97-Lb. Weakling?” Principal Leadership (High School Ed.) 6, no. 3 (2005). 1. William J. Jorden, “Soviet Fires Earth Satellite into Space; It Is Circling the Globe at 18,000M.P.H.; Sphere Tracked in 4 Crossings over U.S.,” New York Times, Oct. 5, 1957, p. 1. 2. A Harvard University research team evaluated the impact of New Math in the Brookline, Massachusetts, school system. As a novice graduate student, I played a small role in this evaluation project in 1960, observing classrooms where the reforms were implemented. 3. Palminteri Chazz, A Bronx Tale, directed by Robert de Niro (New York, 1993). 4. John Allen Paulos, Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy and Its Consequences (New York: Hill & Wang, 1988). 5. Anne C. Lewis, “Endless Ping-Pong over Math Education,” Phi Delta Kappan 86 (2005). 6. Sheila Tobias, Overcoming Math Anxiety (New York: Norton, 1993). 7. Christopher Cerf and Victor Navasky, The Experts Speak: The Definitive Compendium of Authoritative Misinformation (New York: Villard, 1998), p. 191. 8. Ibid., p. 170. 9. Linda Darling-Hammond, “Standards, Accountability, and School Reform,” Teachers College Record 106 (2004): 1047–85. 10. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future (Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 2007), p. 17. 11. John Eichinger, conversation with author, 1989. 12. Lewis, “Endless Ping-Pong.” 13. Motoko Akiba, Gerald K. LeTendre, and Jay P. Scribner, “Teacher Quality, Opportunity Gap, and National Achievement in 46 Countries,” Educational Researcher 36 (2007): 369–87. 14. Linda Darling-Hammond, “Teaching as a Profession: Lessons in Teacher Preparation and Professional Development,” Phi Delta Kappan 87 (2005): 237–40. 15. Ibid., p. 239. 220 n o t e s t o p a g e s 1 0 – 2 0 16. Carolyn M. Callahan et al., “TIMMS and High-Ability Students: Message of Doom or Opportunity for Reflection?” Phi Delta Kappan 81 (2000): 790. 17. John-Paul Sartre, preface to Frantz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth (Paris: F. Maspero , 1961). 18. Uri Treisman, “A Study of the Mathematics Performance of Black Students at the University of California, Berkeley” (PhD diss., University of California–Berkeley, 1985). 19. Martin V. Bonsangue and David E. Drew, “Long-Term Effectiveness of the Calculus Workshop Model” (report to the National Science Foundation, April 1992); Richard J. Light, “The Harvard Assessment Seminars, Second Report, 1992: Explorations with Students and Faculty about Teaching, Learning, and Student Life” (Cambridge: Harvard University Graduate School of Education and Kennedy School of Government, 1992). 20. Robert B. Reich, The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for Twenty-First-Century Capitalism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1991). 21. James S. Coleman et al., Equality of Educational Opportunity (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966). 22. Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson, Pygmalion in the Classroom (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1968). 23. David E. Drew, Strengthening Academic Science (New York: Praeger, 1985). 24. Ibid. 25. Quoted in Parker J. Palmer, The Courage to Teach: Exploring the Inner Landscape of a Teacher’s Life, 10th anniversary ed. (San Francisco: John Wiley and Sons, 2007), p. 46. chapter 1: america’s place in the world Epigraph: National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Nation at Risk: the Imperative for Educational Reform (Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, 1983). 1. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future (Washington, DC, National Academy of Sciences, 2007), p. 17. 2. Thomas L. Friedman, The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), p. 237. 3. Ibid., p. 275. 4. Lester Thurow, Head to Head: The Coming Economic Battle among Japan, Europe, and America (New York: William Morrow, 1992), p. 309. 5. Jack Ewing et al., “The Rise of Central Europe,” Business Week, Dec. 12, 2005, p. 52. 6. T. R. Reid, The United States of Europe: The New Superpower and the End of American Supremacy (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 1. 7. Claire Berlinski, Menace in Europe: Why the Continent’s Crisis Is America’s Too (New York: Crown Forum, 2006), p. 311. 8. Rising above the Gathering Storm, p. 14. 9. James H. Johnson Jr. and John D. Kasarda, “People and Jobs on the Move: Implications for U.S. Higher Education,” in Redefining Student Success: The Challenges and Implications of Extending Access (New York: The College Board, 2006), pp. 47–54. [3.129.247.196] Project MUSE...