The Performance of Performance Standards

Index

315 Index The italic letters f, n, and t following a page number indicate that the subject information of the heading is within a figure, note, or table, respectively, on that page. Double italics indicate multiple but consecutive elements. Active labor market programs (ALMPs) data collection by, 35, 38 employee status relative to, 20, 128 evaluation of, 40–41 participation in, and literature analysis, 126, 127, 198n3 performance management system for, 29, 30, 56, 298 services provided by, 32–33 Adults, 18, 115t econometric analysis strategies and, 278–292 economically disadvantaged, and JTPA program, 16, 25n4, 141t, 144, 146–147, 148t–149t, 152 JTPA participation results for, 168t–171t, 172t–175t, 185, 253, 256t–257t participation and timing in training centers by, in model research, 31–32, 58nn3–5 performance measures for, and JTPA/ WIA, 22t, 24, 26n10, 73, 74t–75t, 76, 79–81, 80t, 118, 119t See also Dislocated workers; Older workers AFDC. See Aid to Families with Dependent Children African Americans. See Black workers Age as variable case study with, 245, 252t data grouped by, and gender, 276–277 NJS and, 139, 141t, 161, 184 Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), 58n11 Homemaker/Home Health Aide demonstration, 292, 294t JTPA and, 25n3, 133, 160, 280, 283 recipients of, as NJS variable, 139, 153, 158, 167, 194 ALMPs. See Active labor market programs American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), 15, 25n1 Arkansas, mandatory welfare-to-work program in, 294t ARRA. See American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Ashenfelter dip, 223 Asian workers, adult enrollment rate at employment termination of, 79, 80t Australia, public bureaucracies and performance incentive system development in, 2 Awards. See Contracted services, award process for; Incentive awards and rewards Baltimore, Maryland, mandatory welfare-to-work program in, 294t Bartik, Tim, 299n10 Benchmarks as performance standards, 7–8, 95–108 base level of performance in setting, 98, 111–112 dynamics and, 107–108, 118–120, 119t hidden information and distortions, 102–105, 223–225 (see also Cream-skimming behaviors; Deadline effects) insurance and uncontrollable risk, 101–102, 109, 113–115, 121n2, 126 leveling the playing field with, 100– 101, 112–113, 120 316 Heckman et al. Benchmarks as performance standards, cont. multiple principals, 105–107, 116– 118 principal-agent model framework for, 96–100 Black workers as adults and JTPA, 79, 80t, 141t as ENPs in Jersey City, 136, 137t JTPA participation simulation results and, 168t, 170t, 172t, 174t, 176t, 178t, 180t, 182t, 184, 186t, 188t, 190t, 192t NJS data on, 139, 142, 274, 275t services to, 197, 257t Bonuses, performance standards and, 2, 121, 214, 306 See also Incentive awards and rewards Butte, Montana, as NJS data site, 275t California, 294t enrollment of target groups as performance measure in, 83, 91n16 as NJS participant, 68t, 275t Case management, 232 as JTPA service, 17, 19, 30–31, 259t, 260–261, 260t as WIA service, 17, 19, 30–31 Caseworker as agent, 97–98, 100–105, 114 continuous improvement and, 107– 108 decisions by, as suggestive creamskimming evidence, 132, 195–197 investment in tasks by, 206–208, 225–226n3, 226n4 multiple-agent conditions, 104–105, 109 participant selection and service assignment by, 58n11, 240–243 (see also Service delivery case study) performance measures as data rules for action by, 203–204, 219–220 See also Street-level bureaucrats Cedar Rapids, Iowa, as NJS data site, 275t CETA. See Comprehensive Employment and Training Act Chicago metropolitan area, case study of county-level agency in, 231– 232, 265n3 Chicago Public Schools, accountability policy in, 213 Children effect of, on JTPA participation, 142, 185, 240 in support of, 2, 139, 208 (see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC]) Civil Service Reform Act, merit pay system and, 89–90n8 Classroom training, 127 assumptions about, 293, 300n12 as JTPA service, 133, 136, 137t, 158, 160, 221, 226n7 NJS data on, 274, 275t short-run performance measure for, 293, 299–300n11 College and university admissions participation in, 35, 127 post-, and training service assignment, 158, 256t Colorado, as NJS participant, 68t, 275t Community colleges, JTPA classroom training at, 158 Compensation, 98, 101 staff, in federal-level programs, 67, 70, 89–90n8, 89n7 Competition, 82, 265n1 job training centers and, 85–86, 88, 109, 112, 261 Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA), 15, 240 differences between, and JTPA, 133– 134, 160 Continuous improvement, as change dynamic, 107–108, 119–120 Contracted services award process for, 233–234, 261, 262–263 JTPA vs. WIA and, 265n1 [3.14.132.214] Project MUSE (2024-04...