Notes
Notes to Introduction 1. MacCleery, American Forests, 3. 2. Williams, Americans, 10. 3. Holmes, Minnesota in Three Centuries, 4:413–15; MacCleery, American Forests, 11; Williams, Americans, 3, 34. 4. Reynolds, Lumber Production, 1, 7. 5. Williams, Americans, 193. Notes to Chapter 1 1. Daniel and Sullivan, North Woods, 60. 2. Bonnicksen, America’s Ancient Forests, 43; Jacobson and Dieffenbacher-Krall, “White Pine,” 39; Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 329–82. 3. Heinselman, Boundary Waters Ecosystem , 89. 4. Woodbridge and Pardee, History of Duluth , 564; Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 343. 5. Kozlowski and Ahlgren, Fire and Ecosystems, 200; Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 343; Sorden, Lumberjack Lingo, 30. 6. Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 343. 7. Kozlowski and Ahlgren, Fire and Ecosystems, 197; Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 347. 8. Heinselman, “Fire in the Virgin Forests,” 358. 9. Cole, “Restoring Natural Conditions,” 415. 10. Steen, Origins of the National Forests, 4. 11. Minnesota Legislature, Pine Lands Investigating Committee, Report, 55. 12. Ely Times, January 9, 1891; Minnesota StateForestryBoard,SixthAnnualReport,44. 13. Larson, White Pine, 298. 14. Olson, Land Utilization, 118; Minnesota Legislature, Pine Lands Investigating Committee, Report, 55. Notes to Chapter 2 1. New York Times, “Unique Home for Rich Man,” January 17, 1903. 2. Ely Times, March 6, 1891. 3. Thorton, History of Pioneer Mine, 18. 4. Ibid., 19. 5. Burnquist, Minnesota and Its People, 4:407. 6. Vermilion Iron Journal, January 22, 1891. Notes to Chapter 3 1. Vermilion Iron Journal, July 14, 1892. 2. Mississippi Valley Lumberman 18 (November 21, 1890): 16; Larson, White Pine, 365. 3. Trygg, Pioneer Lumbering, 1. 4. Ibid., 4; Ely Miner, October 5 and November 5, 1898; “Proposed Mill, October 193 Notes 1889,” blueprints, Whiteside materials, St. LouisCountyHistoricalSociety,Duluth,MN. 5. Ely Miner, February 8 and 22, 1899. 6. Ely Miner, October 12, 1898, and May 5 and October 13, 1899. 7. Ibid., June 21, 1899, and October 5, 1898; Trygg, Pioneer Lumbering, 1. 8. Ely Miner, November 27, 1899; Trygg, PioneerLumbering, 2. The origin of the Three Spot is rather obscure. The first locomotive on the Duluth and Iron Range line was also known as the Three Spot, and both engines were built by the same company. While it does not appear that these two locomotives are one, the story of the first locomotive to come to the north country is worth a little digression. The Duluth and Iron Range’s Three Spot was originally built for a railroad in Brazil which then refused her. She was taken up the line to Duluth and put on a raft to be hauled over Lake Superior to Agate Bay, now known as Two Harbors: “The lake was calm when the Ella G. Stone, the company tug named after George Stone’s wife, started out with the scow carrying its precious locomotive cargo. Upon reaching Knife River, about twenty miles up the lake, a moderate northeaster began to blow. It soon increased to such gale proportions as to endanger the lives of the men. Tug Captain C. O. Flynn gave orders to the crew to stand by and be ready at his command to use an axe to cut the lines securing the tug to the scow, but fortunately this did not become necessary. In the words of William McGonagle, who was one of the men aboard, ‘A kind providence and the excellent seamanship of Captain Flynn saved us the necessity of sending the Three Spot to Davey Jones’ locker, and instead we sailed into the peaceful waters of Agate Bay and delivered our cargo safely on the rails that projected from the timbers at the shore line.’” King, Missabe Road, 24. 9. Ely Miner, April 26, 1899; King, Logging Railroads, 108; Trygg, Pioneer Lumbering , 5. 10. Ely Miner, October 5, 1898. 11. Swallow and Hopkins’s timber cruiser, Sven Olson, recommended that Good build a dam at Pipestone Falls, raise Newton Lake to the level of Fall Lake, hoist logs from Basswood into Newton, and then tow the booms directlytothemill.Gooddecidedagainstthis because it “involved a very long and difficult log towing operation . . . as well as the problem of hoisting at the Pipestone dam, all of which would have slowed up our logging operations .” Good, “Fall-Basswood Lake,” 2. 12. Lake County Records, O/Cont/308, Two Harbors, MN; Forest Service Site No. 05–213, usfs Collections, Iron Range Research Center, Chisholm, MN; Ely Miner, March 31, 1900. 13. Good, “Fall-Basswood Lake,” 2. 14. Ibid., 3...
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