Hunting, Fishing, and Environmental Virtue: Reconnecting Sportsmanship and Conservation

Index

169 INDEX acquisition of animals as central to hunting and angling, 16, 68–69, 82 within food chains, 64 as material good, 72, 81, 119, 123 using firearms, 116 activism of sportsmen, 105–6, 118 activities capacity of to generate virtue, 20–21, 29, 47, 136 choice of, 27, 29, 47 moral implications of, 31 aesthetic competence, virtue of and appreciation for the biotic community, 37, 44, 92–93 education for, 57–58 and emotional response, 49, 58 and perception, 56–57, 123 See also environmental virtues aesthetic experience, 92–93 aesthetic value of the biotic community, 44 all-terrain vehicles, 109, 111, 129, 133, 135–36 American sportsmen, 9, 16–17 angling contrasted with hunting, 15–16 animal rights and welfare and ethical criticisms of field sports, 12, 18, 60–61, 66, 71–72, 81, 98 and sporting codes, 85 animals. See acquisition of; animal rights and welfare; game animals; killing animals aristocracy, field sports as purview of, 16, 19, 70–71, 110, 120 Aristotelian Principle, 31 Aristotle on the good life, 36, 99, 102 on leisure activities, 28–31 on perception, 33 on virtues, 20, 114 artificial beauty, 58 arts of acquisition, 16, 64, 72, 119, 131 arts of observation, 54, 132 arts of production, 64 ATheory of Justice (Rawls), 31 Atlantic Salmon Federation, 104 ATVs (all terrain vehicles), 109, 111, 129, 133, 135–36 background knowledge, 22, 23, 47, 59, 64 bass boats, 109, 110, 111 beauty, artificial, 58 biotic community beauty of, 42, 44–45, 57–58, 122–24 definition of, 45–46 health of, 40, 124, 126 human connections to, 55, 92, 94 integrity, stability, and beauty of, 42–45, 49 local, 93, 111–12 biotic good definition of, 42–47 as ethical criterion for field sports, 36, 39, 76, 137 role in sporting codes, 90–92 biotic perception, 123 birding, 132, 134 blood connection, 62 Boone, Daniel, 39 Boy Scouts, 115 canoeing, 135 carrying capacity of land, 118 170 catch-and-release fishing, 80–81, 110 character, 27, 31, 88 character development, 9, 16, 24, 32, 76, 107, 114–16 cheating. See skill shortcuts civic engagement, 104–6, 112 civic virtues, 31, 32–33, 98–106, 110 class distinctions, 19, 38, 70, 75, 80, 120 codes for field sports. See sporting codes codes for fish and game, 121 commercial hunting and angling, 19, 39, 80 commercialism, force of, 10, 97, 109–11 community, biotic. See biotic community community of practitioners, 32 companionship, 17, 32 competitions, 79–80, 96–97, 110–11 competitive sports, 76, 78 Compleat Angler,The (Walton), 15 connectedness, 68 conservation interest groups, 96, 104–5 as means to preserve game species, 38, 39–40 support for as character standard for sportsmen, 25 as a tenet of sporting codes, 93, 95 “Conservation Esthetic” (Leopold), 58, 82 conservation practices, 43, 47, 50, 80, 105 consumerism, 105 contemplation, virtue of, 15–16, 25 contemplative recreation, 130 courage, virtue of, 14–16, 25 crab fishing, 80 Crawford, Matthew, 26 criticism of field sports. See field sports, criticism of cultural value, 74–75, 100, 108 cycle of life, 62 Czech-style nymphing, 23 Dahles, Heidi, 121 dependence on nature, 68, 100 Dersu theTrapper (Arseniev), 54 destination hunting and fishing, 107, 109–10, 111–12 devices. See gadgets diversity of the biotic community, 43, 44, 45–46, 124 dogs, 24, 108–9 domestic settings and communities, 62, 64 ecological conscience, virtue of, 37, 49, 50–53, 66, 102 See also environmental virtues ecology of biotic communities, 40, 58, 128 ignorance of, 91 learned by nature study, 49, 55–56, 57, 91 teaching of, 55, 118–19 economic value of the biotic community, 44 in environmental decisionmaking , 50, 101, 135 as primary value, 107, 110 education formal schooling, 21, 55, 57 programs for sportsmen, 17, 85, 97, 113–19 technical vs. moral, 18, 27, 91, 113–15 of youth (See youth, education of) elitism, 19, 70–71, 110 emotional response, 49, 56–57, 58, 67–68 environmental awareness, virtue of, 37, 49, 53, 54, 59, 66 See also environmental virtues environmental decision-making, 50 environmental ethics, 36–37 Index 171 environmental knowledge, 54, 59, 91, 123 environmental organizations, 96, 104–5 environmental virtues, 36–37, 48, 66, 136 and sporting codes, 87–95 ethical categories, 70, 72–73 ethical judgment, 32, 50, 80 evolution, 44, 53, 56, 57 learned by nature study, 91 process of, 123, 125 teaching of, 118–19 excellence, pursuit of, 27, 29...