Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development, and the State in Cambodia, 1953-1998

Index

Index aid, 125–126, 156 –158, 162–168, 189; Chinese, 48, 102; Soviet, 138–139; Vietnamese, 102, 124, 128–130. See also Asian Development Bank; International Monetary Fund; Scientific and Cultural Organization; United Nations Development Program; United Nations Educational; World Bank Akashi, Yasushi, 159 Allman, T. D., 73 America. See United States Angkorean period, 1–2, 12, 184 –185 Angkor Wat, 1–2, 184 ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asian Development Bank, 157–158, 166 – 167, 171, 180 Association des Etudiants Khmers (AEK), 100–101 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 121, 136, 140–141, 144, 189 Bardez, Felix, 22 Becker, Elizabeth, 116 BLDP. See Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party Buddhism, 11, 12–14, 18, 145; political ideology and, 34 –35, 53–54, 65, 73– 74, 76 Buddhist Institute, 27, 198n. 64 Buddhist Liberal Democratic Party (BLDP), 159, 160 Buddhist socialism, 34 –36, 47, 53–54, 65, 73 Burchett, Wilfred, 70 Cambodianization (Khmerization): during Khmer Republic era, 76 –77, 80, 83, 89; during PRK/SOC era, 134 – 135, 139; during Sihanouk era, 32, 39– 42, 43– 45, 58–59 Cambodian People’s Party (CPP), 150, 189; coalition with FUNCINPEC, 159– 160, 161, 171, 174, 180–181; elections and, 158, 190; formation of, 147, 158, 160, 161, 174, 190. See also Khmer People’s Revolutionary Party (KPRP) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 47, 88 CGDK. See Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea Chamroan Vichea Collège, 60 Chan Si, 141, 220n. 63 Chan Ven, 128 Chan Youran, 83 Chao Samboth, 151 Chau Seng, 43– 45, 108 chbab, 14 –15 Chea Sim, 123 Cheng Heng, 71, 72, 87 Chhan Sokhum, 78 251 China, 46, 48, 136, 140; Cultural Revolution , 55, 59; Democratic Kampuchea and, 101–102, 107, 115 Chou Ta-Kuan, 12 CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency civil war (1970–1975): end of, 67, 91, 93; impact of, 80, 87–89; military offensives , 81–82; United States involvement , 86 –87 Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea, 137, 141 colonial education. See education, colonial Colonial era (1863–1953): affair of 1916, 21–22; Bardez incident, 22, 24; beginning of, 18, 19–20; development of nationalism, 26; ideology underlying , 19–21; impact of, 22, 26, 27– 30, 185–188; naiveté of French, 22; tightening of control, 19, 20–21. See also Japanese occupation; mission civilisatrice colonialism. See Colonial era Communism in Cambodia: decline of, 141–143, 145–147; French influence on, 29, 50, 60, 100–101; origins of, 98–99; support for, 60– 62, 90–91. See also Communist Party of Kampuchea ; Khmer People’s Revolutionary Party; Workers Party of Kampuchea Communist Party of Kampuchea (CPK): factionalism, 103, 120; history of, 84 – 85, 94 –95, 97–100, 121–123; ideology and political program, 85–86, 95–96, 100–103, 115–117; purges, 107–108, 115, 123; Sihanouk and, 55–58, 81, 84 –85, 208n. 51. See also Communism in Cambodia; Democratic Kampuchea; Khmer People’s Revolutionary Party CONCERN, 156 corruption, 54, 60– 61, 84, 87–88, 90, 190; in education, 94, 174 –175 CPK. See Communist Party of Kampuchea CPP. See Cambodian People’s Party Crusade for Independence, 33, 42 Curle, Adam, 79 curriculum, 39– 40, 42, 53, 107, 113–114, 130–133, 178, 179–180; irrelevant, 145–146, 149; reform of, 38, 44 – 45, 48, 51, 77, 79, 83, 131, 134 –135; traditional (precolonial), 17–18 Davis, Neil, 67 Democratic Kampuchea (DK): fall of, 115, 117; Four Year Plan, 105–107; legacy of, 125, 126 –127, 132–133, 210n. 10, 217n. 16; legitimacy of, 119, 123; opposition to, 107; purges, 99, 107–108, 115, 123; regional variation, 108–109; repudiation of history, 123; social change, 95–96; temporal variation , 107–108; Vietnam and, 102, 115–116. See also Communist Party of Kampuchea; Pol Pot Democrat Party, 29, 33, 87 development, 5; Cambodian commitment to, 31–32, 35, 53–54, 82, 155, 161– 166, 182; human resource development and, 175–176 DK. See Democratic Kampuchea Douc Rasy, 100 Doumer, Paul, 21 Ecole d’administration cambodgienne, 29 Ecole Normale, 43, 48 Ecole Wat Phnom, 67 economic problems, 47, 54, 170, 173, 189, 203n. 72 education, colonial: Cambodian control of, 29; contrast with Vietnam, 25–26; first attempts, 23; French commitment to, 30, 37; legacy of, 185–186; mission civilisatrice and, 25, 29; problems with, 24, 26; reformed temple schools, 24 – 25; Sarraut’s reforms, 23, 197n. 47; social mobility, 28 education, enrollments, 25, 36 –37, 39, 44, 50, 62, 135, 138, 148, 200n. 19; problems coping with, 40– 41, 48– 49 education, financing of, 46...