Situated Testimonies: Dread and Enchantment in an Indonesian Literary Archive

Selected Timeline of Indies and Indonesian Histories

Selected Timeline of Indies and Indonesian Histories 12th–21st century Formation of indigenous Islamic communities in archipelago 14th century Hindu-Javanese Majapahit Empire ca. late 15th century First coastal Islamic sultanate in Java ca. 1580s–1830 Islamic kingdom of Mataram 1595 First Dutch ships reach the Indies 1602–1800 Dutch Trading Company—VOC—period 1619 First printing press, Batavia 1800 Dutch government takes over VOC Indies possessions 1811–1816 Indies possessions fall into British hands 1825–1830 Java War 1830–1910 Dutch colony takes shape 1850–1900 Flourishing of Chinese Malay novels 1860 Dutch ban Indonesians from slave owning 1870–1900 Liberal Period of Dutch settlers ca. 1900 Ethical Period, Kartini Letters 1900–1910 First “Native-owned” newspapers First novels written by “Natives” 1908 Forerunner to Balai Poestaka set up Formation of Boedi Oetomo, first modern organization 1912 Formation of Sarekat Islam, first mass organization 1918 Tirto Adho Soerjo dies 1928 Soempah Pemoeda, or Youth Oath, proclaims One Nation, One Language, One People for emerging Indonesian state 1930s Poedjangga Baroe Literary Period 1930–1940 Dutch jail leaders of noncooperating “Natives” xxiv SelectedTimeline of Indies and Indonesian Histories 1940 Hitler invades Holland March 1942 Japanese invade the Indies 1942–1945 Japanese intern Dutch civilians and military Soekarno and Hatta work with Japanese August 17, 1945 Soekarno and Hatta proclaim independence 1945 Soekarno becomes president 1945–1949 Dutch reoccupy Indonesia Indonesian Revolution 1948 Madiun Communist Rebellion put down by Soekarno 1949-1950 Indonesian nation emerges 1950–1957 Soekarno’s Parliamentary Period 1955 First open Indonesian elections 1957 Soekarno declares martial law 1959–1965 Soekarno’s “Guided Democracy” Period 1960 Elected parliament closed down by Soekarno September 30/ “GESTAPU” murders of generals October 1, 1965 ca. 1965–1966 Killing of suspected communists and their allies 1966 Beginning of Suharto’s New Order Government 1966–1979 Pramoedya and 200,000-plus others jailed 1967–1998 Suharto presidency 1994 TEMPO and other journals shut down Ayu Utami and others form Journalistic Alliance May 1998 Suharto steps down 1998–1999 Habibie presidency; political prisoners freed, freedom given to press, right of assembly reinstated 1998–2001 Reformasi Period of openness for writers, journalists, former political prisoners 1998–2002 Period of intense ethnic violence 1999 East Timor votes to become independent First open elections in Indonesia since 1955 Election of Indonesia’s third president, Abdurrahim Wahid, or “Gus Dur,” who separates military and government 2001 Wahid forced to step down SelectedTimeline of Indies and Indonesian Histories xxv 2001–2004 Megawati Soekarnoputri presidency; first president to give civil rights to Chinese Indonesians, accept will of the people and democratic transition May 20, 2002 Timor Leste becomes new nation 2004, 2009 Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono presidencies ...