Chocolate and Corn Flour: History, Race, and Place in the Making of "Black" Mexico

Index

Index Africa: culture workers’ use of, 148–50, 155–56, 166–67, 170, 178–79, 184, 187, 189, 277–78, 328n8; Herskovits, Melville, and, 121–22; San Nicoladenses’ perceptions of, 4–5, 63–64, 86–87, 93–94, 152–53, 156–57, 164–65, 176, 277, 302, 307, 328n3. See also Aguirre Beltrán, Gonzalo; Herskovits, Melville African Americans: attitudes toward Latinos , 316–19; Latinos in Winston-Salem and, 308, 339n5; San Nicoladenses’ attitudes toward, 308, 311–14, 339n5; San Nicoladenses’ racial labels for, 315 Afroamerica (journal), 125–26 Afromestizo, 2, 9, 18, 57, 64, 94, 119, 145–51, 156, 158, 165, 173, 175–77, 187, 213, 274, 305, 324n4 Afromexican, 2, 4, 8, 9, 119, 141, 146–51, 156, 165, 175, 181, 184, 187, 305–6 agrarian activists (agraristas), 37, 43; Pastrana , Porfirio, the “Father” of San Nicolás’s ejido, 44–46, 326n30, 327n31. See also Revolution, Mexican agrarian reform, 8, 42–43, 46–48, 126, 323n3, 324n5; and ethnic organizing, 148 agriculture, 15, 20, 21–22, 48–51, 324n7; holdings, 328n5 Aguirre Beltrán, Gonzalo, 13, 58; and “Africanisms ,” 127–28; on blacks, 127, 133–34, 137–38; on bride theft, 128–30; and ethos of violence, 127, 129; fieldwork in Cuajinicuilapa , 126–27; influence on contemporary culture workers, 123; influence of Melville Herskovits, 122–33; on marriage , 128–30, 132; at Northwestern University , 124; on race, 136–38; on religion, 130–31; on round houses (redondos), 134; training, 123. See also bride theft; marriage; religion; round houses anger (coraje), 242–61, 263, 335n9, 336n15, 337n21; adults and, 242, 245, 247–61; children and, 242, 245, 246–47; as embodiment , 244; gender and, 249, 250, 263–64; pet birds and, 242, 245–46; skulls and, 250, 263 antidiscrimination clause, Mexican Constitution , 306 364 | index biomedicine and biomedical ailments, 255–56, 257, 259, 263, 334n26, 335n9, 336n13, 336nn17–18 birds: as pets, 190, 242, 245–46; and Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, 190; in the wild, 246. See also wildlife, disappearance of birth, 334n3 black Indians, 2, 4, 6, 56–59, 85–86, 96, 109, 117, 263, 306, 316, 322, 327n2 blacks, 2, 5, 7, 58, 61, 63–64, 74–76, 100, 106, 107, 109, 116, 140, 152–53, 168–69, 306; in coastal discourse, 25–26; colonial period and, 3–4, 27–29, 55–57, 88, 94, 124, 142–43; folklorized, 158, 162, 178, 277–78; independence and, 32–34; national invisibility of, 26–27, 77, 88–89, 94–95, 117, 144–46, 151, 156–57, 273, 275; San Nicoladenses’ attitudes toward, 78–80, 87–88, 95, 113, 116–17, 156–57, 162, 177, 189, 311–16; San Nicolás’s resident Indians and, 70–71, 93, 104, 176, 235. See also Aguirre Beltrán, Gonzalo; Meetings of Black Villages; racism; Third Root, Our; Tibón, Gutierre bride theft, 75, 135, 148, 180, 247, 330n2; as African, 128–30, 132, 148; as Spanish, 75, 129–30, 210. See also Aguirre Beltrán, Gonzalo Catholicism. See religion cattle, 20–22, 35–37, 39–40, 42, 44, 49–52, 57, 74, 152, 232, 268, 293, 309, 332n15; and colonial period, 4, 27–28, 30; and Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, 100–101; and wealth, 50, 281, 290, 297. See also Miller, Charles A. “Carlos” children, 190–97, 297, 332nn3–5; discipline and, 192–94; and enclosure, 191; as free, 191; gender and, 194, 197, 209; gifting of, 46, 203, 204, 241, 327n32, 332n12; having, as culmination of womanhood, 204; homosexuality and, 227–28, 229; household contributions and, 194–95, 220; as like crops, 193; as like young animals, 191; Saint Nicholas of Tolentino and, 190–92 Ciruelo, 165, 168, 170, 171 class, economic, 69–70, 77, 81, 152, 162, 186, 196, 217, 238–39, 247, 267, 290, 292, 307, 313, 314, 339n17 Clavijero, Francisco Javier, 89 Collantes, 22, 26, 49, 61, 66, 73, 79, 224, 252, 282, 335n9 colonies, agricultural (colonias), 46–47, 327n33 community “culture house” (casa de cultura ), 8, 161, 183, 278, 280, 331n11 conquest plays, 107–9, 112 Corralero, 165, 331n11 Costa Chica: location, 1–2; colonial period, 4, 27–32, 57–58; geography of, 15; Independence period, 32–34; Revolutionary period, 34–42; seasons, 20; socioethnic stratification, 15–16, 57. See also Revolution , Mexican cowboys and cowboy culture, 4, 28–30, 33, 36, 38–39, 42–43, 45, 55–56, 101, 103–4, 107, 190, 241, 309 crime, 25, 297, 324n3, 333n19 Cuajinicuilapa, 16–23, 28, 30, 32–33, 35–37, 40, 42–45, 49, 57–58...