The Jury in Lincoln's America

Notes

173 notes p Preface 1. Two important and well-received community studies attest to the viability of Illinois as a focus of historical inquiry and to the wealth of sources available: John Mack Faragher, Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1986); Don Harrison Doyle, The Social Order of a Frontier Community: Jacksonville, Illinois, 1825–70 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978). Illinois has been hailed as the “miniature cross section of the Union” and “representative of the nation.” Cullom Davis, “Illinois: Crossroads and Cross Section ,” in Heartland: Comparative Histories of the Midwestern States, ed. James H. Madison (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 127–57; Daniel J. Elazar, Cities of the Prairie: The Metropolitan Frontier and American Politics (New York: Basic Books, 1970), 282. 2. Douglas K. Meyer, Making the Heartland Quilt: A Geographical History of Settlement and Migration in Early-Nineteenth-Century Illinois (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 7, 125, 237; Christopher Wallace, “The Opportunity to Grow: Springfield, Illinois, during the 1850s” (Ph.D. diss., Purdue University, 1983), 43, 147–60. 3. Robert P. Howard, Illinois: A History of the Prairie State (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eardman’s Publishing, 1972), 145; Joseph C. G. Kennedy, comp., Population of the United States in 1860 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1864), 87; Rebecca Looney, “Migration and Separation: Divorce in Kane County, 1837–1869,” Illinois Historical Journal 89 (Summer 1996): 70–84; Terry Wilson, “The Business of a Midwestern Trial Court: Knox County, Illinois , 1841–1850,” Illinois Historical Journal 84 (Winter 1991): 249–67; Stacy Pratt McDermott, “Dissolving the Bonds of Matrimony: Women and Divorce in Sangamon County, Illinois, 1837–1860,” in In Tender Consideration: Women, Families and the Law in Abraham Lincoln’s Illinois, ed. Daniel W. Stowell (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 71–103. Theodore Calvin Pease has argued that the frontier in Illinois ended in 1848. James Davis has contended that by 1861, frontier Illinois “changed, faded, and largely disappeared.” Pease, The Centennial History of Illinois, vol. 2, The Frontier State: 1818–1848 (Springfield: Illinois Centennial Commission , 1918; repr., Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1987), 410; Davis, Frontier Illinois (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1998), 355. 4. Martha L. Benner and Cullom Davis, eds., The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln: Complete Documentary Edition, 2d ed. (Springfield: Illinois Historic 174 p Notes to Page xi Preservation Agency, 2009), available at www.lawpracticeofabrahamlincoln.org (hereafter cited as LPAL). This fifteen-year project created a derivative archive of more than ninety-five thousand Lincoln documents held in county courthouses, libraries, museums, and private collections across the county. The collection provides scores of legal documents and correspondence that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. 5. Prominent community studies on the antebellum Midwest that have contributed to my understanding of community include Jeffrey F. Adler, Yankee Merchants and the Making of the Urban West: The Rise and Fall of Antebellum St. Louis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991); Richard S. Alcorn, “Leadership and Stability in Mid-Nineteenth-Century America: A Case Study of an Illinois Town,” Journal of American History 61 (December 1974): 685–702; Paul M. Angle, “Here I Have Lived”: A History of Lincoln’s Springfield, 1821–1865 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1935); Douglas E. Booth, “Transportation, City Building, and Financial Crisis: Milwaukee, 1852–1868,” Journal of Urban History 9 (May 1983): 335–63; Jeffrey P. Brown, “Chillicothe’s Elite: Leadership in a Frontier Community,” Ohio History 96 (Summer–Autumn 1987): 140–56; Kathleen Neils Conzen, Immigrant Milwaukee, 1836–1860: Accommodation and Community in a Frontier City (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976); Doyle, Social Order of a Frontier Community; Perry R. Duis, Challenging Chicago: Coping with Everyday Life, 1837–1920 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998); Faragher, Sugar Creek; Wallace, “Opportunity to Grow.” Early works that attempted to categorize and develop theories of midwestern culture and experience include Dixon Ryan Fox, ed., Sources of Culture in the Middle West: Backgrounds versus Frontier (New York: D. Appleton–Century, 1934); Henry Clyde Hubbart, The Older Middle West, 1840–1880: Its Social, Economic, and Political Life and Sectional Tendencies before, during, and after the Civil War (1936; repr., New York: Russell and Russell, 1963); Thomas D. Clark, The Rampaging Frontier: Manners and Humors of Pioneer Days in the South and Middle West (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1939); Carlyle R. Buley, The Old Northwest: Pioneer Period, 1815–1840, 2 vols. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1951); Walter Havighurst, The Heartland: Ohio, Indiana, Illinois (New...