African American Life in the Georgia Lowcountry: The Atlantic World and the Gullah Geechee

Index

Abd ar-Rahman, 116, 118–19, 121 Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, 117 Adams, John, 52 advertisements: African Muslim names used in, 103–4; on Civil War runaway slaves, 202; on runaway Muslim slaves, 105–6 Africa: BaKongo or Kongo culture of, 264–65; flying Africans’ stories connecting Gullah-Geechee culture with, 274; lowcountry missionaries working in, 139–43; Middle Passage to Georgia from, 3, 30–34, 44n28, 99; missionary observations in, 135, 139–43; personal connections between Georgia and, 34–35; traditional religions of, 8, 135, 139–46, 175; in Western Africa, Its History, Conditions , and Prospects (1856), 139–40. See also Sierra Leone African Americans: American Revolutionary role of, 54–68; and failure of the American Dream, 272; and lack of legal rights in the lowcountry, 92–95; as leaders during Reconstruction , 206–7; pre–Civil War practice of self-directed labor by, 193; Reconstruction-era political roles of, 212–16; Reconstruction-era property disputes and, 207–8, 225–40; Savannah Education Association offering education for young, 206. See also slave population; women of color African diaspora, 3 African dream tradition, 6 Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (Turner), 283 African Masons, 84 African Muslims: and advertisements on runaway slaves, 103–6; Arabic language spoken by, 117, 121; attitude of superiority by, 116–17; cultural influence on non-Muslim slaves by, 113; cultural practices of, 109–10; divide between non-Muslim slaves and, 6, 114–19; family narratives on, 107–8; historic records on, 103–7; imported into Carolinas and Georgia, 112–13; lowcountry communities of, 105–6, 107–9; and name connections to Islam and the Fulbe, 5–6, 103–4, 121–22; process of Christian conversion of, 110–12; slave registers listing names of, 104–5; social and religious bonds of, 120–21. See also Islam; slave population African traditional religion: concept of, 135; fetishes of, 142–43; Liberty County conjurer’s practice of, 143– 45; lowcountry legacy of, 6, 137–38, 143–46; and “red-water ordeal” remedy to witchcraft, 143; Wilson’s observations on, 139–43. See also Kongo cosmology agricultural work: African Muslims excused from, 117–18; as servile, 118 Ali, Nobel Drew, 122 Allen, Richard, 98–99 al-Siddiq, Abu Bakr, 117 Amelia Island, 25 American Bible Society, 289 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mission, 139 American Historical Association (aha), 257 American Revolutionary era: African American role during, 54–68; black Baptist churches established during, 37, 39; black diaspora spawned by, 36–37, 67, 87, 88, 99–100; British index 296  index American Revolutionary era (continued) offer to free slaves during, 52, 57, 81– 82; and colonial response to British Stamp Act, 49, 90; conscripted slave labor used during, 55–57; impact on early black autobiography, 4–5; impact on women of color, 4; as traumatic event in African American life, 35–39; trial and execution of Lewis during, 68. See also England Amos, Brother, 37 Anderson, Alec, 109 Anderson, Edward C., 208, 209 Anderson, Rachel, 109 Angola, 32–33 antislavery movement: context of Georgia ’s, 15–19; Darien port’s role in, 10, 16, 17–18; historic origins of, 15; and persistence among lowcountry churchmen, 41n10; role of religion in, 50–51. See also slavery Arabic language, 117, 121 archaeological artifacts: blue-glass beads, 177; colonoware, 157–62, 182n14; Ossabaw Island, 172; pierced coins, 176–77 archaeological slavery studies: Atlantic context of, 155–57; comparing Georgia and South Carolina, 156–57; on foodways, 170–74; on lowcountry earthenware pottery, 6–7, 157–62; reclaiming Gullah-Geechee heritage through, 152, 177–80; on religious beliefs and practices, 175–77; selecting Georgia coast as focus of, 152–55; on slave housing, 162–70; on task labor organization, 173–74. See also Gullah-Geechee culture Arminian Magazine, 80 Arnold, Richard D., 194, 206, 210–11 Ascher, Robert, 151 Atlantic world: and archaeology of slavery in coastal Georgia, 155–80; as field of historical study, 147n5; Georgia lowcountry as part of the, 145–46; Kongo cosmology read as map of the, 256; legacy of traditional African religious beliefs in, 137–38, 143–46 Augusta Chronicle, 18 autobiographical narratives: Equiano, 77, 78, 79, 80–81, 87, 89–97; George, 78, 79, 81, 86–87; King, 78, 80, 81, 87–89; Liele, 78, 79, 81, 84–86; Marrant , 78, 79, 80, 81, 82–84; speculating on development of lowcountry, 97–100. See also oral narratives; slave population Axon, Tony, 188–89, 203 Bahamas, 156, 161 Bailey, Cornelia, 8, 10, 108, 112, 175, 176, 256, 274–76 Baker, Lawrence...